Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods
Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods is devoted to applied aspects of engineering science, covering a wide range of subfields. Its core interest lies in issues concerning the following sub-disciplines: Mechanics, Engineering Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Bio-Engineering and Chemical Engineering. High quality applied papers outside these specific sub-disciplines but within engineering will be considered for review. ISSN (E): 2942-1896 ResearchBib IF: 10.85 SJIF 2026: 9.832
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTIONANSWER METHOD IN WORKING WITH TEXT.
This article examines the pedagogical significance of the question-and-answer method in working with texts during primary school reading lessons. It analyzes the role of this method in developing students’ reading comprehension, text analysis, logical and critical thinking, independent conclusion-making, and oral communication skills. The article also presents methodological recommendations and practical approaches for the effective use of the question-and-answer method in the educational process
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THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON YOUTH SOCIALIZATION
In the context of global environmental challenges and the need to foster sustainable societal development, the role of environmental education is particularly relevant. This article examines the impact of environmental education and training on youth socialization processes.
NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A FULLY FILLED VERTICAL STEEL OIL STORAGE TANK USING CIRCUMFERENTIAL STIFFENING RIBS
This study presents technical solutions aimed at reducing the seismic vulnerability of existing storage tanks. Scientific and engineering proposals are developed to enhance the seismic resistance of the tank, and structural strengthening measures are formulated based on numerical analyses performed using the LIRA-SOFT 10.12 software package.
DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE THROUGH SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF FACEBOOK COMMENTARIES
The rapid growth of social media communication has created new opportunities for language learning, particularly in the development of pragmatic competence. Facebook comment sections represent authentic, dynamic discourse environments where users perform various speech acts such as expressing opinions, agreeing, disagreeing, criticizing, and supporting others. This study investigates how analyzing speech acts in Facebook commentaries can develop students’ pragmatic competence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 22 intermediate university students who participated in a six-week instructional intervention focused on identifying and analyzing speech acts in Facebook comment threads. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test pragmatic awareness tasks and classroom observation. The findings indicate that students improved significantly in recognizing speech acts, interpreting pragmatic intentions, and understanding interactional meaning in digital discourse. The study concludes that Facebook comment analysis is an effective pedagogical tool for enhancing pragmatic competence in modern EFL classrooms
THE IMPORTANCE OF MODERN SPRINKLER IRRIGATION IN THE PRESENT DAY
This article highlights the importance, advantages, and efficiency of modern sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. Sprinkler irrigation technology plays a significant role in the rational use of water resources, increasing crop productivity, and maintaining soil fertility. The article also analyzes the advantages of this method compared to traditional irrigation systems, as well as its environmental and economic benefits
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENERGY-SAVING CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS IN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: EVIDENCE FROM FERGANA REGION, UZBEKISTAN
This article evaluates the effectiveness of energy-saving constructive solutions for low-rise residential buildings under the climatic and construction-market conditions of Fergana Region, Uzbekistan. The study combines statistical climate data, national construction statistics and a heat-loss calculation model for a representative 120 m² single-family low-rise house. Fergana is characterized by a dry steppe climate, an average annual temperature of approximately 15.3°C and annual precipitation of about 308 mm. Monthly climate data were used to calculate heating degree-days (HDD18 = 2,109 °C·day) and cooling degree-days (CDD24 = 342 °C·day). The evaluated constructive package includes external-wall insulation, roof/ceiling insulation, ground-floor thermal improvement, low-emissivity double glazing and reduction of uncontrolled air leakage. Results show that the integrated package can reduce delivered heating energy from 32,316 kWh/year to 12,826 kWh/year, corresponding to a 60.3% reduction. The analysis confirms that building-envelope measures are particularly relevant for Fergana, where low-rise housing is commonly developed by households and non-state actors. The paper concludes that energy-saving constructive solutions should be considered not only as engineering improvements but also as a practical regional strategy for reducing fuel demand, improving indoor thermal comfort and supporting Uzbekistan’s transition toward more energyefficient building standards
A PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ERRORS MADE BY UZBEKSPEAKING C1 LEARNERS
This study examines English pronunciation errors produced by Uzbek-speaking learners at the C1 proficiency level from a phonological perspective. A total of 22 pronunciation errors were identified and classified into several categories, including word stress errors, vowel length errors, vowel substitution, diphthong-related errors, weak syllable deletion, and mispronunciation of interdental consonants. The findings reveal that most errors stem from typological differences between the phonological systems of English and Uzbek, particularly in terms of stress patterns, vowel reduction, and rhythmic structure. Furthermore, some errors appear to be associated with the complexity of English lexical stress rules and insufficient targeted phonetic instruction. The study highlights the importance of explicit pronunciation training even at advanced levels of language proficiency.
SOME HISTORICAL WORKS WRITTEN DURING THE ERA OF AMIR TIMUR AND THE TIMURIDS
This article examines selected historical works composed during the reign of Amir Timur and the Timurid dynasty and evaluates their significance as primary sources for the study of the political, intellectual, and cultural history of Central Asia. Particular attention is devoted to major chronicles and historical narratives, including Ruznama-yi Ghazavat-i Hindustan, the two versions of Zafarnama authored by Nizam al-Din Shami and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, Muntakhab al-Tawarikh, Zayl-i Zafarnama, Majma al-Tawarikh al-Sultaniyya, Muizz alAnsab, Mujmal-i Fasihi, Tarikh-i Arba Ulus, Matla al-Sadayn wa Majma al-Bahrayn, Ajaib alMaqdur fi Akhbar Timur, Tarikhnama, and the travel account of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo. The article highlights the role of Timurid rulers as patrons of scholarship and demonstrates how their support contributed to the flourishing of historiography, literature, astronomy, and religious sciences. It further analyzes historical evidence concerning Amir Timur’s appreciation of learning, his relationships with scholars and Sufi masters, and the intellectual environment that fostered the production of numerous historical works. The study concludes that Timurid historiographical literature constitutes an indispensable source for understanding the political developments, cultural achievements, and spiritual life of Central Asia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
FEATURES OF THE GASTRIC AND DUODENAL MUCOSA IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
The study is devoted to the investigation of the clinical, morphofunctional condition of the gastroduodenal region of the digestive system in children with chronic kidney disease using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic basal pH-metry, and a stool test to determine the degree of infection with Helicobacter pylori. The obtained results indicate that the frequency and nature of changes in the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal region depend on the stage of chronic kidney disease, the functional condition of the kidneys, the severity of the underlying disease, the duration of treatment with glucocorticosteroid drugs, and the degree of infection with Helicobacter pylori
FORMATION OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AMONG TECHNICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
This article explores the importance of developing media and information literacy among school students, highlighting its role in modern education and its pedagogical foundations. In the context of rapid digital transformation, special attention is given to enhancing students’ abilities to critically evaluate, analyze, and responsibly use information. The study draws on international experiences, particularly the frameworks and approaches proposed by UNESCO in the field of media and information literacy. Furthermore, the article discusses effective methods for fostering independent thinking, awareness of information security, and conscious engagement with media content among learners
VIBRATION-BASED INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTICS OF METAL CUTTING MACHINE TOOLS USING FFT AND CNN ALGORITHMS
Modern manufacturing systems require highly reliable and accurate metal cutting machine tools to ensure stable machining quality and production efficiency. One of the major problems in industrial practice is the early detection of defects in spindle units, bearings, and gear transmission systems. This paper presents an intelligent vibration-based diagnostic methodology for evaluating the technical condition of machine tools using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms. Experimental investigations were conducted on an HT-250M lathe machine under various operating conditions. Vibration signals were processed using FFT spectral analysis to identify characteristic defect frequencies. A CNN model was developed for automatic classification of machine conditions based on vibration spectra. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows accurate identification of bearing and gearbox defects at early stages, improves machine reliability, and reduces maintenance costs. The developed system can be effectively applied in predictive maintenance and Industry 4.0 manufacturing environments.
THE CONCEPT OF DISCOURSE AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF SOCIAL NETWORK DISCOURSE
This article explores the concept of discourse and examines the linguistic characteristics of social media discourse within the framework of contemporary discourse studies. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on the works of Michel Foucault, who conceptualized discourse as a form of socially constructed knowledge, Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, and Teun A. van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of discourse. Social media discourse is viewed as a distinct form of digital communication characterized by interactivity, fragmentation, multimodality, and pragmatic orientation. Drawing on studies by Susan C. Herring and David Crystal, the article analyzes lexical, syntactic, and communicative features of online interaction. The findings contribute to media linguistics and discourse analysis by providing a systematic understanding of language use in digital environments.
ORGANIZATION OF DEFORMATION MONITORING IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES BASED ON A DIGITAL PLATFORM AND ITS EFFICIENCY
This article discusses the issues of geodetic monitoring of deformation processes at industrial facilities, the consolidation of measurement results on a digital platform, analysis and early detection of dangerous situations. As an object of research, the concept of the “Deformation Monitoring at Industrial Facilities” platform, which monitors vertical displacement, horizontal displacement and deflection indicators at industrial facilities, is analyzed. The platform combines tacheometric measurements, leveling, GNSS RTK observations, control point coordinates, deformation graphs, 3D model, device status and automatic alerts in a single information environment. Such a system allows you to increase the technical safety of industrial facilities, control the accuracy of geodetic observations and quickly make management decisions
COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF REQUEST UTTERANCES
This article explores the communicative and pragmatic characteristics of request utterances in language use. It examines how requests function as speech acts, the role of context in shaping their interpretation, and the strategies speakers employ to achieve politeness and effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of indirectness, cultural norms, and interpersonal relations in the formulation and understanding of requests.
Communicative and pragmatic aspects, speech acts, politeness, effectiveness
COMPLEX APPROACH BASED ON PHAGOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS DEVELOPING AFTER CESAREAN SECTION
This study presents a complex approach based on phagotherapy in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications following cesarean section. The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, significantly reduces the effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapy and necessitates alternative treatment strategies. Bacteriophages represent a promising therapeutic option due to their high specificity, safety profile, and lack of negative impact on normal microbiota, which is particularly important during lactation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of phagotherapy in combination treatment of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications after cesarean section. A total of 60 postpartum women were included in the study and divided into two groups: a main group receiving complex phagotherapy (n=30) and a control group receiving standard antibiotic therapy (n=30). The study was conducted at the maternity department of the Asaka District Medical Association
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORKS AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION IN ENSURING THE QUALITY OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
This article examines the impact of earthworks and the configuration of construction machinery on the quality of residential building construction. It is scientifically substantiated that the proper organization of earthworks, consideration of the physical and mechanical properties of soil, and the optimal selection of construction equipment are critical factors in ensuring the strength and reliability of buildings. In particular, construction processes are analyzed, and the efficiency of various equipment configurations is comparatively evaluated. The findings indicate that high-quality execution of earthworks and efficient utilization of machinery not only reduce construction time and costs but also improve the operational performance of buildings. Furthermore, practical recommendations for improving construction processes are proposed.
MARKETING STRATEGIES OF CHINESE AUTOMOBILE BRANDS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: CASE STUDY OF BYD AND GEELY
This study examines the international marketing strategies of leading Chinese automotive brands, with a focus on BYD and Geely. The research investigates how these firms achieve global competitiveness by balancing standardization and localization, leveraging technological innovation, and navigating institutional environments. Utilizing a qualitative comparative case study approach, the paper analyzes vehicle sales, financial performance, new energy vehicle (NEV) penetration, and regional engagement to evaluate marketing effectiveness. Findings indicate that BYD emphasizes sustainability and technological leadership through product differentiation and digital marketing, while Geely leverages brand diversification, strategic acquisitions, and localized operations to strengthen market presence. Both companies adopt hybrid strategies that combine global brand consistency with marketspecific adaptation, supported by China’s industrial policies and institutional frameworks. The study demonstrates that the successful internationalization of Chinese automotive firms depends on integrating firm-specific capabilities, institutional support, and tailored marketing strategies. The paper contributes to international marketing literature by providing a comparative analysis of emerging-market multinational enterprises in the automotive sector and offers practical insights for firms aiming to expand in heterogeneous global markets.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING SPEECH ACTS THROUGH LETTER WRITING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
This article examines the effectiveness of teaching speech acts through letter-writing activities in English language instruction. Speech acts, as functional units of communication, play a crucial role in developing learners’ pragmatic competence. However, traditional language teaching often focuses on grammatical accuracy rather than functional language use. This study explores how letter-writing tasks—both formal and informal—can serve as an effective pedagogical tool for teaching speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, inviting, and complaining. Using a mixed-method approach, the research analyzes learners’ performance before and after the implementation of letter-based instruction. The findings indicate that integrating speech act instruction into letter-writing tasks significantly enhances learners’ pragmatic awareness, functional language use, and communicative competence. The study concludes that letter writing provides a meaningful, context-rich environment for mastering speech acts in English
IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC DEBT AND INFLATION IN THE UZBEKISTAN ECONOMY BASED ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
This article analyzes the international experience of the interaction between public debt and inflation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The study examines the dynamics of public debt and inflationary processes in developed and developing countries, assessing the role of fiscal-monetary coordination in maintaining macroeconomic stability. International evidence suggests that the impact of public debt on inflation is not automatic or linear but depends on the method of deficit financing, the degree of debt monetization, central bank independence, and institutional quality. In some countries, fiscal dominance and excessive debt accumulation have intensified inflationary pressures, while in others, prudent debt management and credible monetary policy frameworks have helped contain inflation
CALCULATION OF THE INTERACTION EFFECT BETWEEN PUBLIC DEBT AND INFLATION IN THE ECONOMY
This article examines the theoretical essence of inflation and its main macroeconomic determinants in the context of Uzbekistan’s economy. The study analyzes key monetary factors (money supply growth, interest rate, inflation expectations), real sector factors (aggregate demand and supply imbalances), as well as the role of fiscal deficit and exchange rate dynamics. Particular attention is given to inflation processes in Uzbekistan after the 2017 economic reforms and the transition to an inflation-targeting regime. The findings indicate that inflation has a multifactorial nature, and coordination between monetary and fiscal policy is essential for ensuring price stability
HOW TO TEACH WRITING TO ELEMENTARY AND PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL LEARNERS
This study investigates effective approaches to teaching writing to elementary and preintermediate level learners in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. The research integrates theoretical insights with empirical classroom observations to identify strategies that significantly enhance learners’ writing performance. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative classroom analysis with quantitative performance measurement. The findings demonstrate that scaffolded instruction, communicative tasks, and process-based writing significantly improve learners’ ability to produce coherent and meaningful written texts. The study also highlights the importance of visual aids, structured guidance, and feedback mechanisms. Practical implications for classroom teaching are discussed
EFFECTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR MANAGING EVACUATION ROUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
This article examines the organization of population evacuation to safe areas during emergency situations. Particular attention is paid to the development of effective algorithms for managing evacuation routes, rational use of transport and infrastructure resources, and improving coordination among the entities of the State System for Emergency Prevention and Response. The study also analyzes the application of digital monitoring tools, geographic information systems (GIS), and intelligent decision-support models to enhance the efficiency of evacuation route management.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION HEAT TREATMENT FOR IMPROVING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MANUFACTURING STEELS
Electromagnetic induction heat treatment is an excellent and controllable method of enhancing the mechanical properties of certain engineering steels. The purpose of this research is to conduct a numerical simulation study on the modeling of heat treatment based on induction. The main objective of this study is to examine thermal distributions and heating rates along with their effects on mechanical behavior such as hardness tensile strength and microstructure. A finite element-based simulation model is developed to simulate the induction heating at different operating parameters like frequency, power input and coil shape.
EVALUATING THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF QUINCE SEEDS THROUGH THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
This article presents comprehensive data on the determination of phenolic compound concentrations within a 96% ethanol extract derived from quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) seeds, utilising the method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experimental results reveal the distinct presence of salicylic acid, rutin, and quercetin within the extract, whereas gallic acid, apigenin, and kaempferol were not detected under the specified analytical conditions. Among the identified phenolic constituents, salicylic acid and rutin were found to be present in relatively higher concentrations. These findings demonstrate that quince seeds serve as a potent source of natural antioxidants and represent a highly promising raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries, particularly for the development of antipyretic, anti-rheumatic, and anti-inflammatory agents
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR THE MODERNIZATION OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Highway drainage systems are critical to pavement durability, embankment stability, hydraulic safety, and network reliability. In many existing road corridors, drainage infrastructure is under pressure from aging assets, increased runoff intensity, changing land use, and higher performance expectations. This paper provides a structured review of engineering solutions for the modernization of highway drainage systems, with emphasis on hydraulic upgrades, subsurface drainage improvement, sustainable drainage systems, permeable pavement applications, and digital asset-management tools. The review is based on official technical guidance and selected peer-reviewed studies. The results show that effective modernization should not be limited to enlarging pipes or replacing culverts; it should integrate conveyance, storage, infiltration, subgrade moisture control, inspection, and risk-based maintenance. The paper proposes an integrated engineering framework for selecting drainage modernization strategies and discusses its relevance for highway agencies operating under climate stress, maintenance backlogs, and life-cycle performance requirements.
TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS AND METHODS OF ORGANIZING MODERN TRAINING SESSIONS FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE STUDY
This article analyzes the main types of reactions in organic chemistry, their theoretical foundations and methods of effective teaching are discussed. The article analyzes innovative methods of organizing classes based on competency-based and STEAM approaches. It also substantiates the didactic effectiveness of using modern pedagogical technologies, digital technologies and interactive methods aimed at developing logical thinking and easy mastering of complex mechanisms.
USING TBLT EXERICISE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITTEN DISCOURSE COMPETENCE
This article is devoted to the study of TBLT (task-based language teaching) approach, and based on an analysis of the typologies and models proposed by scholars who have conducted studies in this field, a system of receptive (involve receiving and understanding language input), productive (requires creating and producing language output), reflective (based on critically analyzing), and creative exercises. It demonstrates that such tasks provide students with the opportunity to use language to perform meaningful tasks that resemble the types of activities they will need to carry out in real life.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SnO₂ THIN FILMS
This paper presents a structured analysis of the effect of annealing temperature on the surface morphology and electrical behavior of SnO₂ thin films on the basis of scanning electron microscopy observations and semiconductor transport considerations. The results show that, as the annealing temperature increases, the film surface evolves from a relatively porous and weakly crystallized nanostructure toward a dense polycrystalline morphology with larger and more clearly faceted grains. Such evolution is associated with thermally activated atomic diffusion, progressive grain coalescence, and a reduction in the Gibbs free energy of the system. At lower temperatures, the limited mobility of adatoms preserves a high density of grain boundaries and intergranular voids, which enhances potential barriers and suppresses charge transport. At higher temperatures, grain growth and densification reduce the boundary fraction, weaken carrier scattering, and create more continuous conductive pathways. The analysis confirms that annealing temperature is a decisive technological parameter for tailoring the structural quality and functional performance of SnO₂ thin films for semiconductor and optoelectronic applications.
REAL-TIME MONITORING AND FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS BASED ON IOT AND DATA ANALYTICS
Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is considered an important resource that enables environmentally friendly and sustainable energy generation. The efficient operation of solar photovoltaic power plants largely depends on continuous monitoring of their technical condition. In this study, a real-time monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is developed, and a fault detection method based on data analytics is proposed. Sensors are used to measure key parameters of solar panels, including voltage, current, power output, temperature, and solar irradiance. The collected data are transmitted through an IoT network to a cloud server, where they are analyzed using mathematical models and analytical algorithms.
TYPOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN EXPRESSING MODALITY (POSSIBILITY, NECESSARY) IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
The scope of the category in conveying modality is wide enough in linguistics to conduct a research that is considered as the most interesting field among typology of linguists. The category of modality is evaluated as a concept that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the content of the spoken sentence, to the reality. This category, which serves as an integral part of communication, is not limited to just one field, but is widely used and has its importance in several branches of linguistics, such as lexicology, phraseology, word formation, morphology and text linguistics. The wealth of wide possibilities of the modal category is the basis for its manifestation as a universal concept, and it is distinguished by its importance in understanding and interpreting the fundamental nature of the language structure. In this article, features of the modality category in English and Uzbek languages are analyzed and explained.
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