Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods
Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods is devoted to applied aspects of engineering science, covering a wide range of subfields. Its core interest lies in issues concerning the following sub-disciplines: Mechanics, Engineering Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Bio-Engineering and Chemical Engineering. High quality applied papers outside these specific sub-disciplines but within engineering will be considered for review. ISSN (E): 2942-1896 ResearchBib IF: 9.898 SJIF 2024: 5.08
CULTURE OF TOLERANCE IN THE NATIONAL SPIRITUALITY OF UZBEKISTAN
This article argues that it is a methodological problem to focus on the contradiction between traditional and modern in the analysis of tolerance in national spirituality, because globalization and the development of information technology allow our society to penetrate the achievements of world culture. Tolerance is an indicator of a democratic culture, a principle of human rights and freedoms formed at the stage of industrial development based on the rule of law.
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ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT IN SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING
Assessment plays a central role in second language teaching, as it shapes pedagogical decisions, learner motivation, and the overall direction of language development. For decades, traditional assessment methods—such as standardized tests, discrete grammar exercises, and high-stakes final examinations—have dominated language classrooms. However, these approaches provide only a fragmented picture of learners’ language proficiency and often fail to capture communicative competence, strategic abilities, and the capacity to use language in real-life contexts. As a result, educators and researchers have increasingly turned to alternative assessment, which aims to provide a more holistic, learnercentered, and contextually meaningful evaluation of language competence.
THE ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article explores the critical role of English Language Teaching (ELT) in fostering critical thinking skills among university students. As English continues to serve as the global language of academia and professional communication, its pedagogical function has evolved beyond linguistic competence toward cultivating intellectual autonomy, analytical reasoning, and reflective judgment. Drawing from educational psychology and applied linguistics, this paper argues that English language classrooms can serve as effective platforms for critical inquiry when instruction emphasizes problem-solving, interpretation, evaluation, and creativity. The study concludes that integrating critical thinking frameworks within ELT contributes to developing globally minded, independent learners capable of engaging with complex academic and societal issues.
INVESTIGATION OF INCREASING THE LOADBEARING CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN STRUCTURES OF BUILDINGS BY STRENGTHENING THEM WITH BASALT FIBER MATERIALS
This scientific article presents the results of a novel scientific approach to strengthening reinforced concrete compression members using basalt fiber materials. The paper demonstrates methods for strengthening reinforced concrete column elements with basalt fiber materials. Compared to other fiber-reinforced polymer materials, basalt fiber materials are more cost-effective, have a higher tensile strength limit, and exhibit greater durability.
THE ROLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the role of cultural heritage sites in the development of the tourism industry. The importance of cultural heritage in enhancing tourism infrastructure, increasing regional economic potential, and promoting national values is examined. The study explores the effective use of historical monuments and cultural heritage sites in tourism and proposes recommendations for their preservation and integration into the tourism sector
THE ROLE OF ETHNOTURISM AND TOURISM CULTURE IN THE ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE CITIES OF THE FERGANA VALLEY
This article analyzes the role of tourism culture in the development of economic transformation processes and its impact on the economy, the importance of rituals and holidays in the system of intangible cultural heritage of Uzbek culture not only on a global scale, but also on the development of ethnotourism and tourist services, the impact of ethnotourism on the development of ethnotourism and the causes of problems encountered in this process, the impact of folk games on ethnotourism culture in the development of ethnotourism and the need to conduct scientific research on the implementation of scientific approaches in practice
THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC TERMINOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON TRANSLATION
The modern linguistic studies confirm that keeping pace with modern linguistic norms requires careful usage of terminology in order to be properly employed through which the translation process is promoted and the problem of translating the specialized terminology in general and particularly economic terms are among the problematic encountered in transferring knowledge from foreign languages to Uzbek language. The purpose of this study is to analyze these problems in order to propose solutions for the unification of the term in English, refuting the reasons for the unification of the English terminology, because the terms are the keys to science, so if there are multiple terms equivalent to a single one, this leads to a disturbance in understanding and reflects negatively on the assimilation of knowledge, and contributes to the confusion of the entire translation process.
THE EFFECT OF WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS ON THE MOISTURE REGIME OF SEALING STRUCTURES
This article examines the calculation of the moisture regime in building envelope structures under the influence of water-soluble salts. Existing methods for assessing moisture conditions are analyzed, highlighting their limitations in aggressive environments where salts alter vapor permeability and sorption processes. The study focuses on lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete panels and evaluates the effectiveness of organosilicon hydrophobizing additives (sodium ethylsiliconate (ESNK) and polyphenyl-ethoxysiloxane (FES)) in enhancing durability and thermophysical properties. Results indicate that these additives improve resistance to salt-induced moisture accumulation and corrosion
INVESTIGATION OF DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS FOR STRUCTURES MADE OF LOCAL TIMBER MATERIALS UNDER LOAD
This study investigates the deflection behavior of structural elements made from locally available timber materials under applied loads. The research focuses on the mechanical properties of timber, including the modulus of elasticity, and their influence on deflection performance. Deflection calculation methods based on current design standards are analyzed for timber beams and frame structures. The study evaluates the structural efficiency and serviceability of constructions made from local timber species. The results contribute to improving the reliability, safety, and durability of timber structures in engineering practice. It consists of designing durable timber structures and evaluating their structural performance under load effects.
THE INFLUENCE OF MODIFIERS ON INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
This article shows the use of increasing the durability of modified asphalt concrete formed with the addition of polymers " Kraton D1186" and surface-forming additives SFM "SP-OEP" with long-term water saturation, which is influenced by the main parameters of asphalt concrete, concrete is also considered in terms of frost resistance, corrosion resistance and crack resistance.
JOINTING, STRESS-DEFORMATION STATE AND STRENGTH OF ELEMENTS OF WOODEN ROOFING STRUCTURES
The article discusses methods for fastening elements of wooden roofing structures, their design features, advantages and disadvantages, as well as measures to improve seismic resistance.
DEFORMATION AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF COMPOSITE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS
The paper is devoted to the study of the stress-strain state (SSS) of reinforced concrete composite-reinforced double-layer combined slabs. The derivation of equations and formulation of boundary conditions are given, taking into account the interlayer shear and the compliance of the adhesive joint. The analysis of the influence of the geometric and physical parameters of double-layer combined slabs on the SSS is presented
INTERLAYER SHIFTS OF TWO-LAYER COMPOSITE REINFORCED PLATES AND SHELLS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TEMPERATURE LOADS
Combined plates and shells consisting of two layers interconnected by a pliable thin adhesive seam under the influence of external temperature loads are considered. It is found that the shear modulus and the thickness of the seam have a great influence on the strength and deformability of combined double-layer shells, especially during thermal heating
PILE FOUNDATIONS USED IN SEISMIC REGIONS
The seismic resistance problem of pile foundations; the influence of the design seismicity of the construction site; the horizontal component of seismic actions; the reduction of seismic force due to denser soils; vibrations of the “structure–foundation” system; clay soils and sandy soils; determination of bearing capacity for various soil conditions and for insufficiently studied pile types; and methods for determining the bearing capacity of pile foundations under seismic loading conditions
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES UNDER DYNAMIC LOADS
The article will consider the analysis of methods of calculating buildings and structures to dynamic effects. Buildings and structures are affected not only by the load of certain elements of it, but also by the force of an earthquake (seismic). As a result, there have been cases of an earthquake affecting buildings and structures, causing it to crash status and decay. This has led to the study of the nature of building exposure through experiments and the emergence of several theories. Thanks to this, scientific work and research was carried out, allowing theories to be created
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND FORECASTING METHODS BASED ON SENSOR DATA FOR MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
In recent years, the issue of reliable assessment of the technical condition of buildings and structures during operation has become one of the most pressing challenges. Traditional visual inspections and periodic surveys are insufficient for identifying structural changes that occur in real time. This article analyzes mathematical modeling and forecasting methods based on modern sensor systems for monitoring the technical condition of buildings and structures. In the study, deformation, stress, vibration, and deterioration processes are described using mathematical equations. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach enables early assessment of the technical condition and timely detection of potentially hazardous states.
ENHANCING SEISMIC SAFETY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED PARAMETRIC DESIGN SOLUTIONS
This article analyzes the modern challenges of the sustainable architecture concept, the possibilities of addressing them through the parametric design approach, and the ways to enhance the seismic stability of buildings. The study explores the impact of parametric design technologies on environmental, social, and technical efficiency, as well as the prospects for applying this approach in the seismically active regions of Uzbekistan. In the course of the research, the scientific works of several scholars working in this field were studied
AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN SEISMIC AREAS WITH SALINE SOIL
Agricultural buildings and structures play an important role in ensuring food security and developing the agrarian sector of the economy. The production, storage and processing of agricultural products depend on their reliable and uninterrupted operation. Ensuring the safety and stability of underground facilities is of particular importance in areas with widespread seismic activity and saline soils. Earthquakes are a serious natural hazard that can cause significant damage to buildings and structures, economic losses, disruption of production processes and, most importantly, a threat to human life. Saline soils are characterized by complex physical and mechanical properties that negatively affect the foundations of buildings and structures, increasing the problems of seismic resistance
ENERGY-EFFICIENT EXTERNAL SOLAR CONTROL FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS
The possibilities of energy saving and creating an optimal microclimate in public buildings through the implementation of energy-efficient external shading systems have been studied. The use of inorganic porous basalt material is recommended as a material for external shading. The data presented in the article confirm the expediency of using basalt material when combining different functional solutions (insulation, sun protection) in the development of modern external shading projects for civil buildings
STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE REINFORCED BEAMS
The present article presents a comprehensive analysis of research findings on the performance of composite reinforced elements. These elements have gained widespread application in the rehabilitation of concrete structures, both in newly constructed buildings and existing facilities, within the Republic of Uzbekistan and internationally. The study elucidates the mechanical behavior, effectiveness, and practical implications of using composite reinforcement systems in structural restoration
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENSURING SEISMIC SAFETY OF BUILDINGS
This article explores modern approaches to reducing seismic risk in buildings through innovative engineering and technological solutions. The study analyzes the effectiveness of both active and passive seismic protection systems, as well as the application of smart materials and adaptive structural designs. Particular attention is given to monitoring and control systems that ensure dynamic stability during earthquakes. Based on comparative analysis, the results demonstrate that the use of modern seismic protection methods significantly increases the reliability and durability of buildings in seismically active regions. Prepared within the framework of the applied research project No. FZ-2020100661 entitled “Development of proposals to enhance the seismic resistance of buildings and structures based on theoretical and experimental studies of active seismic protection systems.”
“APPROACHES TO REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT THROUGH THE USE OF RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS”
This article analyzes the environmental advantages of recycling construction materials and its role in reducing the negative impact on the natural environment. Based on issues such as the increasing amount of construction waste, depletion of natural resources, and the growth of the carbon footprint, the importance of recycling technologies is highlighted. The study reviews best practices for reusing concrete, metal, wood, and plastic waste, methods for improving energy efficiency, and mechanisms for integrating these processes into the concept of sustainable construction. The findings indicate that the use of recycled materials not only enhances economic efficiency but also reduces environmental pressure, contributing to the development of the green economy
IMPROVING NETWORK-BASED CALENDAR SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION WORK PLANNING
In this article, the significance of network-based scheduling in the planning of contemporary construction works is examined, methods for improving such schedules are analyzed, and, based on the results obtained, recommendations are developed for their widescale practical application in accordance with construction norms and regulations, along with several specific proposals
DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMIC STRENGTH OF AN OIL PRODUCT STORAGE TANK IN THE PRODUCT-FILLED CONDITION
This article develops technical solutions aimed at reducing the seismic hazard identified in existing storage tanks. Scientific and technical proposals focused on increasing the seismic resistance of the tank are formulated, and constructive strengthening measures are developed based on the results of calculations performed using the LIRA-SOFT 10.12 software package. Based on the obtained results, effective technical solutions are proposed to mitigate seismic effects and enhance the overall safety of the tank.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF USING MIXED REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORINGS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
The technology of constructing cast reinforced concrete floors is currently one of the most promising. This advanced direction allows for the construction of multi-story residential buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame with minimal labor and time expenditure, obtaining flexible architectural and planning solutions, which ensures the architectural appeal of buildings and the possibility of free planning of apartments. The technology of constructing cast reinforced concrete floors in the design of multi-story residential buildings provides the following possibilities:
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF TEACHING CALCULATION OF STRENGTH LIMITS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
This article analyzes the shortcomings of current teaching methods for studying surface stress and deformation states in reinforced concrete beams, as well as the causes of their exposure to bending moments and shear forces during earthquakes. It then describes a proposed methodology based on problem-based learning, competency-based approaches, numerical modeling, and practical calculation examples. This approach aims to foster engineering thinking, integrate theoretical knowledge with practical applications, and develop students' independent calculation skills
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIACOMPETENCE EDUCATION
This article analyzes the essence of mediacompetency, its importance in the educational process and the experiences of developed countries (Finland, USA, South Korea, Great Britain, etc.). Suggestions and recommendations were also made on the adaptation of foreign experiments to the conditions of Uzbekistan. In today's period of rapid development of digital technologies, increasing the media literacy and mediacompetence of students has become one of the priorities of the educational system. The abundance of Media flows, the speed of information and the risks associated with its quality are making mediacompetency a necessary skill for each individual. Therefore, in many states, mediata education is formed as a separate educational area.
MECHANISMS OF ENZYME ACTION. STRUCTURE OF COENZYMES. ACTIVE SITES OF ENZYMES
This paper examines the mechanisms of enzyme action, the structure of their active sites, and the organization of coenzymes. The features of enzyme–substrate interactions, the stages of catalytic processes, and the role of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions are discussed. The biological significance of enzymes and their functions in metabolic processes are also analyzed
THE PROCESS OF POLYANILINE FORMATION WITH POLYACID
Polyanilines and interpolymer complexes based on them can be synthesized both by chemical methods and through electrochemical polymerization of aniline in a mother liquor on the electrodes of an electrochemical cell [1,2]. Electrically conductive interpolymer complexes of polyanilines with polyacids obtained by electrochemical methods possess significant physicochemical properties compared to chemically synthesized compounds [3,4]. These include homogeneity of samples, strong adhesion, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, etc. However, despite numerous research studies in the field of synthesis of polyanilines and interpolymer complexes with polyacids, a unified theory of the polymerization mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated
FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ACTIVITIES OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTITIES IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the main directions for improving the activities of service sector entities in New Uzbekistan. Ongoing economic reforms, digital transformation processes, and the liberalization of the business environment significantly influence the expansion of the service market.Efficient organization of service providers’ activities, the introduction of innovations, and modernization of management systems are considered key factors in this process. The article examines the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in the service sector, along with state support mechanisms and institutional changes. The changing needs of the population, as well as the rapid development of tourism, logistics, financial and digital services, contribute to the diversification of the service segment.The study proposes improving sector efficiency through modern management technologies, digitalization, human capital development, and the implementation of quality standards.Strategic directions aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of service entities are substantiated.The practical significance of the paper lies in the applicability of its conclusions for service sector enterprises