Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods
Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods is devoted to applied aspects of engineering science, covering a wide range of subfields. Its core interest lies in issues concerning the following sub-disciplines: Mechanics, Engineering Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Bio-Engineering and Chemical Engineering. High quality applied papers outside these specific sub-disciplines but within engineering will be considered for review. ISSN (E): 2942-1896 ResearchBib IF: 10.85 SJIF 2026: 9.832
FORMATION OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY AMONG TECHNICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
This article explores the importance of developing media and information literacy among school students, highlighting its role in modern education and its pedagogical foundations. In the context of rapid digital transformation, special attention is given to enhancing students’ abilities to critically evaluate, analyze, and responsibly use information. The study draws on international experiences, particularly the frameworks and approaches proposed by UNESCO in the field of media and information literacy. Furthermore, the article discusses effective methods for fostering independent thinking, awareness of information security, and conscious engagement with media content among learners
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VIBRATION-BASED INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTICS OF METAL CUTTING MACHINE TOOLS USING FFT AND CNN ALGORITHMS
Modern manufacturing systems require highly reliable and accurate metal cutting machine tools to ensure stable machining quality and production efficiency. One of the major problems in industrial practice is the early detection of defects in spindle units, bearings, and gear transmission systems. This paper presents an intelligent vibration-based diagnostic methodology for evaluating the technical condition of machine tools using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms. Experimental investigations were conducted on an HT-250M lathe machine under various operating conditions. Vibration signals were processed using FFT spectral analysis to identify characteristic defect frequencies. A CNN model was developed for automatic classification of machine conditions based on vibration spectra. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows accurate identification of bearing and gearbox defects at early stages, improves machine reliability, and reduces maintenance costs. The developed system can be effectively applied in predictive maintenance and Industry 4.0 manufacturing environments.
THE CONCEPT OF DISCOURSE AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF SOCIAL NETWORK DISCOURSE
This article explores the concept of discourse and examines the linguistic characteristics of social media discourse within the framework of contemporary discourse studies. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on the works of Michel Foucault, who conceptualized discourse as a form of socially constructed knowledge, Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, and Teun A. van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model of discourse. Social media discourse is viewed as a distinct form of digital communication characterized by interactivity, fragmentation, multimodality, and pragmatic orientation. Drawing on studies by Susan C. Herring and David Crystal, the article analyzes lexical, syntactic, and communicative features of online interaction. The findings contribute to media linguistics and discourse analysis by providing a systematic understanding of language use in digital environments.
ORGANIZATION OF DEFORMATION MONITORING IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES BASED ON A DIGITAL PLATFORM AND ITS EFFICIENCY
This article discusses the issues of geodetic monitoring of deformation processes at industrial facilities, the consolidation of measurement results on a digital platform, analysis and early detection of dangerous situations. As an object of research, the concept of the “Deformation Monitoring at Industrial Facilities” platform, which monitors vertical displacement, horizontal displacement and deflection indicators at industrial facilities, is analyzed. The platform combines tacheometric measurements, leveling, GNSS RTK observations, control point coordinates, deformation graphs, 3D model, device status and automatic alerts in a single information environment. Such a system allows you to increase the technical safety of industrial facilities, control the accuracy of geodetic observations and quickly make management decisions
COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF REQUEST UTTERANCES
This article explores the communicative and pragmatic characteristics of request utterances in language use. It examines how requests function as speech acts, the role of context in shaping their interpretation, and the strategies speakers employ to achieve politeness and effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of indirectness, cultural norms, and interpersonal relations in the formulation and understanding of requests.
Communicative and pragmatic aspects, speech acts, politeness, effectiveness
COMPLEX APPROACH BASED ON PHAGOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS DEVELOPING AFTER CESAREAN SECTION
This study presents a complex approach based on phagotherapy in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications following cesarean section. The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, significantly reduces the effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapy and necessitates alternative treatment strategies. Bacteriophages represent a promising therapeutic option due to their high specificity, safety profile, and lack of negative impact on normal microbiota, which is particularly important during lactation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of phagotherapy in combination treatment of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications after cesarean section. A total of 60 postpartum women were included in the study and divided into two groups: a main group receiving complex phagotherapy (n=30) and a control group receiving standard antibiotic therapy (n=30). The study was conducted at the maternity department of the Asaka District Medical Association
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORKS AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION IN ENSURING THE QUALITY OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
This article examines the impact of earthworks and the configuration of construction machinery on the quality of residential building construction. It is scientifically substantiated that the proper organization of earthworks, consideration of the physical and mechanical properties of soil, and the optimal selection of construction equipment are critical factors in ensuring the strength and reliability of buildings. In particular, construction processes are analyzed, and the efficiency of various equipment configurations is comparatively evaluated. The findings indicate that high-quality execution of earthworks and efficient utilization of machinery not only reduce construction time and costs but also improve the operational performance of buildings. Furthermore, practical recommendations for improving construction processes are proposed.
MARKETING STRATEGIES OF CHINESE AUTOMOBILE BRANDS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: CASE STUDY OF BYD AND GEELY
This study examines the international marketing strategies of leading Chinese automotive brands, with a focus on BYD and Geely. The research investigates how these firms achieve global competitiveness by balancing standardization and localization, leveraging technological innovation, and navigating institutional environments. Utilizing a qualitative comparative case study approach, the paper analyzes vehicle sales, financial performance, new energy vehicle (NEV) penetration, and regional engagement to evaluate marketing effectiveness. Findings indicate that BYD emphasizes sustainability and technological leadership through product differentiation and digital marketing, while Geely leverages brand diversification, strategic acquisitions, and localized operations to strengthen market presence. Both companies adopt hybrid strategies that combine global brand consistency with marketspecific adaptation, supported by China’s industrial policies and institutional frameworks. The study demonstrates that the successful internationalization of Chinese automotive firms depends on integrating firm-specific capabilities, institutional support, and tailored marketing strategies. The paper contributes to international marketing literature by providing a comparative analysis of emerging-market multinational enterprises in the automotive sector and offers practical insights for firms aiming to expand in heterogeneous global markets.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING SPEECH ACTS THROUGH LETTER WRITING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
This article examines the effectiveness of teaching speech acts through letter-writing activities in English language instruction. Speech acts, as functional units of communication, play a crucial role in developing learners’ pragmatic competence. However, traditional language teaching often focuses on grammatical accuracy rather than functional language use. This study explores how letter-writing tasks—both formal and informal—can serve as an effective pedagogical tool for teaching speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, inviting, and complaining. Using a mixed-method approach, the research analyzes learners’ performance before and after the implementation of letter-based instruction. The findings indicate that integrating speech act instruction into letter-writing tasks significantly enhances learners’ pragmatic awareness, functional language use, and communicative competence. The study concludes that letter writing provides a meaningful, context-rich environment for mastering speech acts in English
IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC DEBT AND INFLATION IN THE UZBEKISTAN ECONOMY BASED ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
This article analyzes the international experience of the interaction between public debt and inflation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The study examines the dynamics of public debt and inflationary processes in developed and developing countries, assessing the role of fiscal-monetary coordination in maintaining macroeconomic stability. International evidence suggests that the impact of public debt on inflation is not automatic or linear but depends on the method of deficit financing, the degree of debt monetization, central bank independence, and institutional quality. In some countries, fiscal dominance and excessive debt accumulation have intensified inflationary pressures, while in others, prudent debt management and credible monetary policy frameworks have helped contain inflation
CALCULATION OF THE INTERACTION EFFECT BETWEEN PUBLIC DEBT AND INFLATION IN THE ECONOMY
This article examines the theoretical essence of inflation and its main macroeconomic determinants in the context of Uzbekistan’s economy. The study analyzes key monetary factors (money supply growth, interest rate, inflation expectations), real sector factors (aggregate demand and supply imbalances), as well as the role of fiscal deficit and exchange rate dynamics. Particular attention is given to inflation processes in Uzbekistan after the 2017 economic reforms and the transition to an inflation-targeting regime. The findings indicate that inflation has a multifactorial nature, and coordination between monetary and fiscal policy is essential for ensuring price stability
HOW TO TEACH WRITING TO ELEMENTARY AND PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL LEARNERS
This study investigates effective approaches to teaching writing to elementary and preintermediate level learners in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. The research integrates theoretical insights with empirical classroom observations to identify strategies that significantly enhance learners’ writing performance. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative classroom analysis with quantitative performance measurement. The findings demonstrate that scaffolded instruction, communicative tasks, and process-based writing significantly improve learners’ ability to produce coherent and meaningful written texts. The study also highlights the importance of visual aids, structured guidance, and feedback mechanisms. Practical implications for classroom teaching are discussed
EFFECTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR MANAGING EVACUATION ROUTES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
This article examines the organization of population evacuation to safe areas during emergency situations. Particular attention is paid to the development of effective algorithms for managing evacuation routes, rational use of transport and infrastructure resources, and improving coordination among the entities of the State System for Emergency Prevention and Response. The study also analyzes the application of digital monitoring tools, geographic information systems (GIS), and intelligent decision-support models to enhance the efficiency of evacuation route management.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION HEAT TREATMENT FOR IMPROVING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MANUFACTURING STEELS
Electromagnetic induction heat treatment is an excellent and controllable method of enhancing the mechanical properties of certain engineering steels. The purpose of this research is to conduct a numerical simulation study on the modeling of heat treatment based on induction. The main objective of this study is to examine thermal distributions and heating rates along with their effects on mechanical behavior such as hardness tensile strength and microstructure. A finite element-based simulation model is developed to simulate the induction heating at different operating parameters like frequency, power input and coil shape.
EVALUATING THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF QUINCE SEEDS THROUGH THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
This article presents comprehensive data on the determination of phenolic compound concentrations within a 96% ethanol extract derived from quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) seeds, utilising the method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experimental results reveal the distinct presence of salicylic acid, rutin, and quercetin within the extract, whereas gallic acid, apigenin, and kaempferol were not detected under the specified analytical conditions. Among the identified phenolic constituents, salicylic acid and rutin were found to be present in relatively higher concentrations. These findings demonstrate that quince seeds serve as a potent source of natural antioxidants and represent a highly promising raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries, particularly for the development of antipyretic, anti-rheumatic, and anti-inflammatory agents
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR THE MODERNIZATION OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Highway drainage systems are critical to pavement durability, embankment stability, hydraulic safety, and network reliability. In many existing road corridors, drainage infrastructure is under pressure from aging assets, increased runoff intensity, changing land use, and higher performance expectations. This paper provides a structured review of engineering solutions for the modernization of highway drainage systems, with emphasis on hydraulic upgrades, subsurface drainage improvement, sustainable drainage systems, permeable pavement applications, and digital asset-management tools. The review is based on official technical guidance and selected peer-reviewed studies. The results show that effective modernization should not be limited to enlarging pipes or replacing culverts; it should integrate conveyance, storage, infiltration, subgrade moisture control, inspection, and risk-based maintenance. The paper proposes an integrated engineering framework for selecting drainage modernization strategies and discusses its relevance for highway agencies operating under climate stress, maintenance backlogs, and life-cycle performance requirements.
TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS AND METHODS OF ORGANIZING MODERN TRAINING SESSIONS FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE STUDY
This article analyzes the main types of reactions in organic chemistry, their theoretical foundations and methods of effective teaching are discussed. The article analyzes innovative methods of organizing classes based on competency-based and STEAM approaches. It also substantiates the didactic effectiveness of using modern pedagogical technologies, digital technologies and interactive methods aimed at developing logical thinking and easy mastering of complex mechanisms.
USING TBLT EXERICISE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITTEN DISCOURSE COMPETENCE
This article is devoted to the study of TBLT (task-based language teaching) approach, and based on an analysis of the typologies and models proposed by scholars who have conducted studies in this field, a system of receptive (involve receiving and understanding language input), productive (requires creating and producing language output), reflective (based on critically analyzing), and creative exercises. It demonstrates that such tasks provide students with the opportunity to use language to perform meaningful tasks that resemble the types of activities they will need to carry out in real life.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SnO₂ THIN FILMS
This paper presents a structured analysis of the effect of annealing temperature on the surface morphology and electrical behavior of SnO₂ thin films on the basis of scanning electron microscopy observations and semiconductor transport considerations. The results show that, as the annealing temperature increases, the film surface evolves from a relatively porous and weakly crystallized nanostructure toward a dense polycrystalline morphology with larger and more clearly faceted grains. Such evolution is associated with thermally activated atomic diffusion, progressive grain coalescence, and a reduction in the Gibbs free energy of the system. At lower temperatures, the limited mobility of adatoms preserves a high density of grain boundaries and intergranular voids, which enhances potential barriers and suppresses charge transport. At higher temperatures, grain growth and densification reduce the boundary fraction, weaken carrier scattering, and create more continuous conductive pathways. The analysis confirms that annealing temperature is a decisive technological parameter for tailoring the structural quality and functional performance of SnO₂ thin films for semiconductor and optoelectronic applications.
REAL-TIME MONITORING AND FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS BASED ON IOT AND DATA ANALYTICS
Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is considered an important resource that enables environmentally friendly and sustainable energy generation. The efficient operation of solar photovoltaic power plants largely depends on continuous monitoring of their technical condition. In this study, a real-time monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is developed, and a fault detection method based on data analytics is proposed. Sensors are used to measure key parameters of solar panels, including voltage, current, power output, temperature, and solar irradiance. The collected data are transmitted through an IoT network to a cloud server, where they are analyzed using mathematical models and analytical algorithms.
TYPOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN EXPRESSING MODALITY (POSSIBILITY, NECESSARY) IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
The scope of the category in conveying modality is wide enough in linguistics to conduct a research that is considered as the most interesting field among typology of linguists. The category of modality is evaluated as a concept that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the content of the spoken sentence, to the reality. This category, which serves as an integral part of communication, is not limited to just one field, but is widely used and has its importance in several branches of linguistics, such as lexicology, phraseology, word formation, morphology and text linguistics. The wealth of wide possibilities of the modal category is the basis for its manifestation as a universal concept, and it is distinguished by its importance in understanding and interpreting the fundamental nature of the language structure. In this article, features of the modality category in English and Uzbek languages are analyzed and explained.
Mushtariybonu Fayzulllayeva Burxonjon qizi
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION OF INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS IN MANDIBULAR FRACTURES
Mandibular fractures, characterized by disruption of the structural integrity of the lower jaw, represent severe traumatic injuries that may pose significant risks to patient health. These injuries result in substantial anatomical and physiological alterations within the affected region. One of the most common and clinically significant complications associated with mandibular fractures is inflammation. Inflammatory processes complicate both systemic and local therapeutic management, prolong the duration of treatment, and negatively influence patients’ functional recovery and social activity. Therefore, the prevention of inflammatory complications following mandibular fractures remains a critical challenge in contemporary maxillofacial surgery. This article reviews modern preventive strategies, including antibiotic prophylaxis, antiseptic and hygienic measures, minimally invasive surgical techniques, physiotherapeutic interventions, and the application of innovative biomaterials aimed at improving clinical outcomes and accelerating recovery.
BASICS OF USING WOUND DRESSINGS CONTAINING CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
The application of wound coatings containing connective tissue cells is important in modern medicine for the effective and rapid healing of wounds. A wound is a damage caused by mechanical damage to the body's tissues, the healing process of which involves complex biological and chemical areas. For a wound to heal well and properly, the activity of cells in the tissue, their interactions, and the processes of new tissue formation must be properly regulated. In this respect, the application of connective tissue cells to cover the wound surface and perform its regeneration tasks is an innovative approach that significantly improves the healing process.
OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC SCARS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION
Background: Conditions affecting the maxillofacial region often result in significant functional and aesthetic consequences. Aim: To analyze modern evidence-based strategies for improving treatment outcomes and reducing long-term complications. Methods: Review of international literature (2018–2024), clinical guidelines, and current surgical protocols. Results: Early diagnostics, precise anatomical management, and rehabilitation significantly improve outcomes. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary and stage-based strategy ensures stable functional and cosmetic recovery
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS IN ZYGOMATICO-ORBITAL COMPLEX INJURIES
THE ROLE OF PROJECT-BASED APPROACH IN DEVELOPING THE CONGRUENCE ABILITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS
This article provides a scientific analysis of the problems of developing pedagogical congruence among future teachers in higher education institutions and explores the pedagogical potential of the project-based approach in addressing these issues. In the study, pedagogical congruence is interpreted as an integrative professional quality that reflects the harmony between a future teacher’s internal professional values, emotional state, personal beliefs, and external pedagogical activity. The article substantiates the need to improve the professional and pedagogical training of future teachers within the modern higher pedagogical education system. In particular, the insufficient development of congruence, which ensures harmony between the personal and professional qualities of future teachers in the existing teacher training practice, is considered an important scientific and pedagogical problem. During the research, a pedagogical model developed on the basis of the project-based approach was aimed at the integrated development of communicative, emotional-intellectual, reflective, and moral stability competencies of future teachers. This model contributes to the development of students’ independent thinking, creative approach, ability to analyze pedagogical problems, and make effective pedagogical decisions
ASSESSMENT OF PERSONAL PROPORTIONS OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN TASHKENT CITY IN RELATION TO THE «GOLDEN SECTION»
In recent decades, work has been carried out in various fields of science, in which the question of the «golden cross-section,» which is one of the geometric principles of proportional harmony, is considered. «Golden section» is such a proportional harmonic division of a segment into unequal parts, in which the entire segment (AC) relates to the larger part (AB) as the larger part (AB) relates to the smaller part (BC) or, conversely, the smaller segment (BC) relates to the larger (AB) as the larger (AB) relates to the entire segment (AC), i.e., AC/AB = AB/BC = 1.618 or BC/AB = AB/AC = 1.618. Arithmetically, the proportion of the «golden cross-section» is expressed as 1:1.618 and the value of the «golden cross-section» is conventionally denoted by the letter φ [6, 8]. According to a number of authors, the face plays an important role in people's social life and is the object of research not only for artists, anthropologists, ethnologists, educators, and psychologists, but also for medical professionals, as proportions and symmetry play a role in harmonizing not only the human body but also the size and shape of the face [2, 5, 9]. Considering facial proportions is of great importance in the practice of every doctor and, especially, a dentist, as one of the main reasons for seeking a dentist is the desire to improve the aesthetics of teeth and face [1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10]. A.I. Postolaki's (2015) scientific article is devoted to reviewing 35 literary sources on this topic and is aimed at broader coverage and disclosure of basic aesthetic concepts to achieve the most objective assessment of facial harmony and smile; this article indicates that in recent years, there has been a special need for methods for analyzing facial structure that allow not only to study the position and size of teeth and jaw bones but also to assess facial harmony
Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is considered an important resource that enables environmentally friendly and sustainable energy generation. The efficient operation of solar photovoltaic power plants largely depends on continuous monitoring of their technical condition. In this study, a real-time monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is developed, and a fault detection method based on data analytics is proposed. Sensors are used to measure key parameters of solar panels, including voltage, current, power output, temperature, and solar irradiance. The collected data are transmitted through an IoT network to a cloud server, where they are analyzed using mathematical models and analytical algorithms. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed system can significantly improve energy production efficiency and enable early detection of system faults.
CONVERGENCE OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN A DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the process of convergence between academic freedom and research activity within the context of the modern higher education system, particularly in an environment characterized by the rapid implementation of digital and artificial intelligence technologies. The pedagogical significance of academic freedom in fostering students’ scientific subjectivity, developing independent and critical thinking, and forming reflective research competencies is substantiated. Research activity is interpreted as an integral and systematic component of the educational process, supported by artificial intelligence–based digital tools, which ensures students’ intellectual development and the formation of scientific thinking. The research findings demonstrate that the integration and mutual alignment of academic freedom and scientific inquiry, including their integration with artificial intelligence technologies, play a crucial role in shaping an innovative and reflective pedagogical environment in higher education.
STRUCTURAL AND CULTURAL BARRIERS IN TRANSLATION FROM GERMAN TO UZBEK
This article examines the structural and cultural barriers encountered in the process of translation from German into Uzbek. The study focuses on morphosyntactic divergences between the two language systems, lexical-semantic lacunae, and culture-specific concepts that lack direct equivalents in the Uzbek language. Drawing on concrete textual examples from literary, journalistic, and academic genres, the paper analyses recurring translation difficulties and proposes pragmatically oriented strategies for overcoming them. The findings demonstrate that successful translation from German into Uzbek requires not only deep linguistic competence but also a well-developed intercultural awareness on the part of the translator.