Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods
Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods is devoted to applied aspects of engineering science, covering a wide range of subfields. Its core interest lies in issues concerning the following sub-disciplines: Mechanics, Engineering Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Bio-Engineering and Chemical Engineering. High quality applied papers outside these specific sub-disciplines but within engineering will be considered for review. ISSN (E): 2942-1896 ResearchBib IF: 9.898 SJIF 2024: 5.08
FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHOD APPLIED IN TEACHING PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
The article examines the application of the flipped classroom method in teaching phraseological units (idioms, collocations, fixed expressions) in foreign language learning. It provides a theoretical overview of the flipped method, discusses the linguistic and cultural complexity of phraseological units, and evaluates the compatibility of flipped instruction with phraseological teaching goals. Drawing on research in EFL education, the article reviews empirical studies demonstrating that flipped learning enhances student engagement, autonomy, communicative competence, and motivation. Although little research directly explores the flipped model for phraseology, the paper argues that the method is well-suited to address challenges of idiom acquisition by allowing self-paced pre-class exposure and intensive inclass communicative practice. A methodological model— “Flipped-Interactive Phraseology Course”—is proposed, offering practical steps for pre-class, in-class, and post-class instruction. The article concludes by identifying limitations and proposing directions for future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR VOCABULARY TEACHING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO FOSTER COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PUPILS FROM GRADES 1–4
This article investigates effective instructional strategies for teaching foreignlanguage (English) vocabulary to primary school pupils (grades 1–4), aiming to develop their communicative competence. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as communicative competence (Dell Hymes; Michael Canale & Merrill Swain), child-centered pedagogy, and empirical studies on methods like Total Physical Response (TPR), songs & rhymes, and lexical-based instruction, the article analyzes how vocabulary instruction can be designed to support interactive, meaningful language use rather than rote memorization. The article concludes that a combination of multimodal, interactive, context-rich, and developmentally appropriate strategies significantly enhances young learners’ vocabulary acquisition, motivation, and communicative competence
UNDERSTANDING SPEECH ACTS: THE INTERSECTION OF LANGUAGE AND ACTION
Speech act theory, pioneered by philosophers like J.L. Austin and John Searle, offers profound insights into how language functions not just to convey information but to perform actions. This article explores the fundamental concepts of speech acts, categorized into locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. We examine their applications across various fields, the critiques of the theory, and the implications for understanding human communication. By delving into the intricacies of speech acts, we highlight their significance in both linguistic theory and everyday interactions.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
This paper discusses the impact of modern teaching technologies on the effectiveness of English language teaching in the present educational environments. The study shows that the regular use of modern teaching technologies has a powerful positive effect on the development of students' communication skills, their motivation, and their ability to learn independently. The paper finally asserts that the successful combining of tech innovations and the use of pedagogy considering principles, teacher training and institutional support systems.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF SMALL AND LARGE BUSINESSES IN CONSTRUCTION
This article examines the organizational and economic mechanisms of small and large business entities operating in the construction sector, as well as the ways to improve these mechanisms. In addition, it analyzes the organizational, economic, and technological factors influencing the effective development of the industry. The construction sector, with its significant economic potential and the ability to participate directly in major infrastructure projects, constitutes an important component of the national economy. Therefore, enhancing modern organizational and economic mechanisms to ensure the stable and efficient operation of small and large business entities is considered a pressing task.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SnO₂ THIN FILMS
This article investigates the microstructure, electrical and optical properties, and gas sensitivity of AsGa-doped SnO₂ thin films obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum.
A STUDY OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CdSe:Cu,Cl FILMS HEAT-TREATED IN VACUUM AND AIR IN CuCl2 VAPOR
The article presents the results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic studies of films with various processing parameters. It is shown that with increasing substrate temperature from 250 to 400°C, the scattering angle of the texture axis increases, as does the proportion of the hexagonal modification, crystallite size, and coherent X-ray scattering regions. After annealing in air in the presence of CuCl2 (Tann = 300°C), the films obtained at Tn = 250°C undergo a reorientation of crystallites from the (111)k+(0002)r plane, parallel to the substrate plane, to through the plane
STEAM METHODOLOGY AND ENGLISH IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION.
The introduction of the STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics) approach into preschool English lessons is gaining increasing attention. The reason for this is that educators are looking for methods that develop not only linguistic knowledge, but also creativity, problem-solving, cooperation, and scientific thinking. Traditional preschool English lessons are often based on memorization, repetition, and individual word learning exercises, which do not fully meet the developmental needs of modern younger students. This article analyzes recent research (2010-2024) on the application of STEAM principles in teaching English as a primary foreign language (EFL). Based on a review of high-quality literature, practical experiences, research-based tasks, education in harmony with art, engineering problems, and how mathematical reasoning support language learning are explored. The results show that English lessons based on STEAM provide deeper understanding, increase interest, strengthen vocabulary, and develop 21st-century skills. In conclusion, STEAM is an effective and appropriate method for the development of children for teaching English in preschool educational institutions.
THE MODERN STATE OF CREDIT OPERATIONS IN FINANCIAL SERVICE INSTITUTIONS OF OUR COUNTRY
This article examines the contemporary condition of credit operations within the financial service institutions of Uzbekistan.It explores the structural evolution of the national credit system and the factors shaping its current functionality. Particular attention is given to regulatory reforms that have strengthened institutional transparency and risk management. The study analyzes how digitalization has transformed lending procedures and improved service accessibility. It evaluates the role of commercial banks, microfinance organizations, and non-bank institutions in expanding credit supply.The paper highlights challenges related to credit risk, collateral requirements, and borrower assessment.It reviews the influence of monetary policy on lending dynamics and financial stability. Empirical observations illustrate the growing diversification of credit products in various economic sectors.The research underscores the importance of financial literacy for sustainable credit development.The article identifies strategic priorities for enhancing credit efficiency and institutional capacity. It also assesses the socioeconomic impact of modern credit practices on entrepreneurship and households.Overall, the study provides a comprehensive and evidence-based overview of credit operations in Uzbekistan’s financial services sector.
INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM UNDER DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
This article analyzes the opportunities, advantages, and practical outcomes of applying artificial intelligence technologies in the education sector. The study highlights the role of AI in digital transformation processes in education, personalized learning, automated assessment, improving pedagogical efficiency, and expanding inclusive education opportunities. In addition, technological, pedagogical, social, and ethical challenges are discussed, along with an analysis of international (UNESCO) and national initiatives aimed at addressing these challenges.
INNOVATIVE METHODS OF DRILLING OIL AND GAS WELLS
Innovative drilling technologies have transformed the global oil and gas industry during the past two decades, enabling operators to reach complex hydrocarbon reservoirs with greater accuracy, efficiency, and sustainability. Traditional rotary drilling is increasingly complemented—or replaced—by advanced techniques such as directional and horizontal drilling, multilateral well architecture, managed pressure drilling (MPD), underbalanced drilling (UBD), laser and plasma drilling, automated rig control, and digital subsurface modeling. These innovations reduce non-productive time (NPT), enhance wellbore stability, lower drilling risks, and improve recovery factors in unconventional, deepwater, and highpressure/high-temperature (HPHT) environments. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and real-time analytics has further optimized drilling performance by enabling predictive maintenance, automated decision-making, and advanced geosteering capabilities
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF RADIO RECEIVING DEVICES
The article presents radio receiving devices that are designed to receive radio signals and convert them to a form that allows the use of the useful information contained in them.
LAPAROSCOPY IN GYNECOLOGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES
The paper reflects the progress and accomplishments of laparoscopic surgery in gynecology and critically reviews modern scientific literature on the application of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of different gynecological diseases. The text elaborates on the pros of laparoscopic techniques over conventional open surgery, hardware advancements in the field, and the future of endoscopic gynecological surgery.
THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION
The article explores the problem of cultural equivalence in translation, focusing on the comparative analysis of English and Uzbek languages. It examines the theoretical foundations of translation and highlights how cultural and linguistic differences influence the process of conveying meaning across languages. The study emphasizes that translation is not only a linguistic act but also a cultural negotiation, requiring the translator to act as a mediator between two distinct worldviews. The paper discusses the main challenges in achieving cultural equivalence and reviews strategies such as adaptation, explication, and cultural mediation.
PhD, Associate Professor Sitora Turaboyeva Zokir Qizi
EFFECT OF MUMIYO (SHILAJIT) ON INTRAVASCULAR FLUID VOLUME AND PLASMA ELECTROLYTE BALANCE IN RATS
This study investigated the effect of mumiyo (shilajit) on intravascular fluid volume and plasma electrolyte balance in rats. Adult laboratory rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received mumiyo orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for seven days. Parameters such as intravascular fluid volume and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium were measured. The administration of mumiyo did not significantly affect any of the studied indicators compared with the control group (P > 0.05). These results suggest that short-term oral administration of mumiyo does not alter basic fluidelectrolyte homeostasis in healthy rats
EFFECT OF RAW ALAY MUMMY (SHILAJIT) ON BLOOD COAGULATION PARAMETERS IN DOGS
This study investigated the effect of raw Alay mummy (Shilajit) on several blood coagulation parameters in dogs. The substance was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and blood samples were analyzed before and 30 and 60 minutes after administration. Significant prolongation of clotting time, plasma recalcification time, and thrombin time was observed (P < 0.01), along with increased plasma tolerance to heparin and fibrinolytic activity. A slight decrease in fibrin concentration and moderate rise in P-, U-, and UP ± X-factors were also noted. These findings indicate that Alay mummy exerts anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects, likely through activation of endogenous anticoagulant mechanisms and enhancement of fibrin degradation. The results suggest potential use of Alay mummy as a natural regulator of blood coagulation and in the prevention of thrombotic conditions
ANTICOAGULANT AND FIBRINOLYTIC EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ALAI MUMIYO IN DOGS
The present study evaluated the effect of an aqueous extract of Alai mumiyo on blood coagulation parameters in dogs. Ten healthy adult dogs (12–18 kg) received Alai mumiyo orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected before administration, and at 30 and 60 minutes after treatment, to assess coagulation indices. Administration of Alai mumiyo produced a marked prolongation of blood clotting time, plasma recalcification time, and thrombin time, along with a significant increase in plasma tolerance to heparin. Fibrinogen levels showed a slight, non-significant decrease, while fibrinolytic activity increased moderately. No changes were observed in total plasma protein concentration. These results indicate that Alai mumiyo exerts a clear anticoagulant effect, possibly by modulating both coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. The findings suggest potential therapeutic value of Alai mumiyo as a natural anticoagulant or antithrombotic agent
EVALUATION OF THE HEMOSTATIC EFFECTS OF ALAI MUMIYO EXTRACT (7.5 MG/KG) ON BLOOD COAGULATION PARAMETERS IN DOGS
The influence of Alai Mumiyo extract at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg on blood coagulation in dogs was investigated. Ten clinically healthy animals received the extract orally, and coagulation indices were evaluated at baseline as well as 30 and 60 minutes after administration. The extract produced a significant prolongation of blood clotting, plasma recalcification, and thrombin times, along with an increase in plasma tolerance to heparin and stimulation of fibrinolytic activity (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentration showed a slight decrease, whereas the activities of coagulation factors and total protein levels remained stable. These findings suggest that Alai Mumiyo possesses notable anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties, supporting its potential role as a natural modulator of hemostasis
TECHNOLOGIES OF CREATIVE THINKING OF STUDENTS IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM AND DIRECTION TO INNOVATIVE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
This paper presents cutting-edge technologies for developing creative thinking among trainees in professional development programs and steering them toward innovative occupational practices using artificial intelligence (AI)
THE ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article explores the critical role of English Language Teaching (ELT) in fostering critical thinking skills among university students. As English continues to serve as the global language of academia and professional communication, its pedagogical function has evolved beyond linguistic competence toward cultivating intellectual autonomy, analytical reasoning, and reflective judgment. Drawing from educational psychology and applied linguistics, this paper argues that English language classrooms can serve as effective platforms for critical inquiry when instruction emphasizes problem-solving, interpretation, evaluation, and creativity. The study concludes that integrating critical thinking frameworks within ELT contributes to developing globally minded, independent learners capable of engaging with complex academic and societal issues.
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SEMICYCLIC AND SINGLE-CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF TEXTILE YARNS
The article elucidates the scientific foundations for determining the half- and full-cycle deformation of textile yarns using optical methods. The study analyzed the advantages of optical measurements over traditional mechanical techniques in terms of accuracy and noncontact operation. Using a device developed based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology, the tensile, relaxation, and elastic properties of yarns were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the optical method allows high-precision, real-time monitoring of the deformation process. This approach holds significant importance for evaluating the quality of textile products and optimizing production processes
GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN OUR LIFE
Green chemistry is an important part of modern chemistry, aimed at developing chemical substances and processes in a way that does not harm human health and the environment. Its twelve principles were developed by chemists, guiding the design of chemical technologies. They help to develop practical applications, such as Petretec technology. As we know, petroleum products are considered resources that do not comply with the principles of green chemistry, while PET (polyethylene terephthalate) may partially comply with the principles of green chemistry, but its production processes require recycling and compliance with the principles of green chemistry to reduce their impact on the environment.
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO VOCABULARY STUDY: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING KINSHIP TERMS IN ENGLISH
The article examines English kinship terms within the systems approach in modern lexicology. Using lexicographic analysis of major English dictionaries, it identifies systematic semantic relations among kinship words. Three main groups are distinguished: biological, legal (affinal), and generalized (inclusive) kinship terms. Each group is described through common semantic features and generalized definition formulas. The study shows that kinship vocabulary forms a structured lexical-semantic field, reflecting both linguistic organization and cultural patterns. The results are relevant for lexicology, translation, and English language teaching
THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN MODERN MANAGEMENT: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW BASED ON “THE GOAL”
This paper summaries the Theory of Constraints (TOC) presented in the book the Goal of Eliyahu Goldratt. It applies the stories of the book and compares them with the current business patterns of doing things. Like a school report (IMRAD), the review discusses the main concepts, throughput, inventory, and operating expense, and addresses such tools as the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) model. The article makes the comparisons to reveal that TOC remains valuable with some issues highlighted in high-speed contemporary settings. It concludes that by 20-50 percent in a factory and service facilities, TOC has been shown to increase efficiency, where there are examples of existing hospitals and supply chains. It teaches managers to identify constraints at an early stage and look after buffers. The review combines theory of The Goal and tips of the world and demonstrates how TOC can be used to continue improving things.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE GIS-BASED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF STATE GEODESIC NETWORKS
This in the article state geodetic networks using GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies based on management system improvement issues scientific and practical The main purpose of the study is to analyze the on a scale geodetic points database on a single GIS platform centralized without management, automation and information accuracy from increasing consists of. The article geodetic points information digitize them in real time in mode update and automatic warning systems create according to proposals have been developed. GIS programs — ArcGIS, PostGIS and GeoServer The model developed on the basis of the example of the Fergana region from the test was held. Results to the analysis according to, new system information again work reduced time by 60%, management increased efficiency by 40–50% and points accuracy noticeable at the level improved. In the article also international with experiences ( USA, Germany, Russia, South Korea) comparator analyses brought to Uzbekistan to the conditions customized management model offer Research results geodesy, cartography, land cadastre and engineering GIS technologies in the fields of current to grow for scientific and practical basis creates.
Abdurakhmonov Abdukhokim Abduvakhobovich
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT - THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION
This article analyzes the importance of the introduction of modern equipment and innovative technologies in economic and social development. The main factors of scientific and technological progress, the role of innovative solutions in increasing production efficiency, and ways to ensure resource efficiency and environmental sustainability through the introduction of new technologies are highlighted. It also presents ideas on the adaptation of new technologies to local conditions, their role in the digital economy, and their importance in strengthening national competitiveness. The results of the study showed the possibilities of achieving sustainable development through the implementation of advanced technologies
PRODUCTION OF CARBON-BASED ADSORBENTS FROM WALNUT SHELLS AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
This study presents the production of carbon-based adsorbents from walnut shells through thermal pyrolysis and steam activation. The process was conducted in an oxygen-free environment at temperatures between 300 and 800°C to form a porous carbon structure. The influence of temperature and duration on yield, moisture, and ash content was analysed. Experimental results indicated that the optimal carbonisation temperature was 500°C, producing activated carbon with high adsorption capacity. Elemental and X-ray analyses confirmed the presence of calcite, microcline, and quartz minerals in the ash composition. The obtained adsorbents demonstrated favourable physicochemical and sorption properties, making them suitable for industrial wastewater purification and environmental protection applications. The research provides a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to converting local agricultural and food waste into valuable adsorptive materials.
SOME HYDROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FARMING EUROPEAN CATFISH SILURIS GLANIS
Aquaculture in Uzbekistan is in need of new cultivation objects, as the technology of carp polyculture in earthen ponds has reached its limit, beyond which it is impossible to further increase fish production. This is due to the limited number of pond areas in the country and the volume of available water
DEVELOPING ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING THROUGH READING-BASED FEEDBACK PRACTICES
This article examines how reading-based feedback practices can enhance students' argumentative writing. Informed by recent scholarship in writing instruction, formative assessment, and reading-to-write pedagogy, the study combines empirical data and classroom demonstrations to identify effective feedback approaches. Principal practices include guided reading of model arguments, teacher feedback that aligns text comprehension with argumentative strategies, peer review grounded in reading prompts, and recursive readingwriting cycles. Evidence indicates that feedback on logical structure, integration of evidence, and rhetorical awareness—given through targeted reading tasks—augments students' development of claims, coherence, and utilization of sources. Implications for teaching include implementing close reading protocols, using rubrics tied to argumentative criteria, and engaging in metacognitive reflection. The article concludes with calls for future studies on long-term effects and technology-mediated feedback
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TOOL ON DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS OF EFL LEARNERS
This article explores the role of digital tools in developing speaking skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The rapid growth of educational technology has changed the landscape of language teaching, providing learners with new opportunities to communicate, collaborate, and practice spoken English. Through digital applications such as Zoom, Flipgrid, Duolingo, and mobile-assisted language learning platforms, learners can engage in authentic communication beyond the classroom. The paper analyzes the pedagogical value of digital tools in enhancing pronunciation, fluency, and confidence, as well as challenges such as technological access and teacher readiness. Findings indicate that integrating digital tools into EFL speaking instruction significantly improves learner motivation, autonomy, and communicative competence