Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education is an international peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from across the world that advance knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of linguistics and education. The journal is concerned with the role played by language and other communicative/semiotic systems in mediating opportunities for learning and participation in a globalized world. Research published in the journal engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of informal learning contexts throughout the lifespan and across modes, genres and technologies ISSN (E): 2942-190X ResearchBib IF: 9.765 SJIF 2024: 5.035
REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW THROUGH TABOO WORDS
This research aims at comprehensively studying the natural and cultural aspects of taboo words in Uzbek language. Various sources were analyzed, classification principles developed, and social-psychological, ethnocultural, and linguistic factors highlighted with regard to their nature, usage scope, and cultural implications. The study concluded that taboo words are not only integral components of the Uzbek language but also pillars of culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGY OF HYDRONYMS AND AN ANALYSIS OF MORPHEMIC COMPOSITION IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH RIVERINE TOPONYMS
This article explores the general concept of hydronyms, their fundamental definitions, and the reasons why they should be studied. It provides a comparative analysis of hydronyms in Uzbek and English, examining their ancient origins, morphological structures, and their role within the theories of morphology and toponymy. Particular attention is given to the historical roots and structural features of the most frequently occurring suffixes in both Uzbek and English hydronyms.
PROSPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION IN EDUCATION
This article examines the prospects of digitalization in education and its transformative impact on modern learning systems. In recent years, rapid advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) have reshaped traditional educational models, shifting from teacher-centered approaches to more student-centered and technology-driven environments. Digital tools such as learning management systems (LMS), virtual classrooms, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data analytics, and mobile applications have significantly enhanced the accessibility and efficiency of education.
MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF ORAL CAVITY IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY
To improve the quality of dental care for patients suffering from epilepsy, a study was conducted on the impact of a general somatic disease (epilepsy) on oral microflora. It is clear that oral dysbiosis is observed in this group of patients.
MAJOR DIFFICULTIES OF TRANSLATING THE TITLES OF ENGLISH FILMS INTO RUSSIAN
The translation of film titles represents a complex area of audiovisual translation, combining linguistic, cultural, pragmatic, and marketing considerations. English movie titles, when translated into Russian, often undergo significant transformations, which may result in semantic shifts, loss of stylistic effect, or cultural reinterpretation. This article examines the main problems encountered in translating English film titles into Russian, identifying main translation strategies, and analyzes the factors influencing translators’ decisions. Special attention is paid to lexical meaning, cultural references, pragmatic adaptation, and commercial motivations
"ATTITUDES TOWARD ENTREPRENEURSHIP DURING THE SOVIET ERA AND ITS REFLECTION IN PROSE WORKS"
The article analyzes the image of an industrialist, factory owner, and entrepreneur reflected in Russian and Uzbek fiction. It proves that this image has negative features and forms negative stereotypes. These include, for example, the understanding of the world of business people as a “dark kingdom”. Industrialists and factory owners are depicted in connection with moral decline. The author, citing examples, proves that Russian literature contributed to the formation of a social stereotype that it is impossible to earn big money in an honest way.
INDEPENDENT LEARNING - KEY CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING INDEPENDENT EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
This article explores the key challenges and contextual considerations involved in implementing independent education in foreign higher education institutions. Drawing from international examples and scholarly analysis, it evaluates the readiness of both students and institutions to adapt to these new paradigms and proposes ways to enhance the effectiveness of independent learning practices
STYLISTIC DEVICES IN ENGLISH JOURNALISTIC TEXTS: STYLE, EXPRESSIVENESS, AND AUDIENCE STRATEGIES
This article examines key stylistic and discursive features of English journalistic texts with particular emphasis on the interaction between analytical and commentative modes of writing. The study focuses on how factual analysis is combined with evaluative interpretation to influence readers’ understanding of social and political issues. Special attention is given to publicistic expressiveness, including metaphorical language and quotations, as essential tools for persuasion and credibility building in journalistic discourse. The article also considers audience-oriented language strategies, showing how journalists adapt lexical choice, tone, and rhetorical structure to meet the expectations of a target readership. By integrating these stylistic elements within a single analytical framework, the study demonstrates that effective journalistic texts rely not on isolated devices, but on the coherent interaction of analysis, evaluation, expressiveness, and reader engagement. The findings highlight the functional role of stylistic choices in shaping meaning and guiding reader interpretation in contemporary English journalism.
THE COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC NATURE OF EVALUATION IN DISCOURSE
This article examines the communicative-pragmatic relation between speech and the category of evaluation. The study applies discourse-pragmatic analysis, contextual interpretation, and a comparative approach. The findings show that evaluation functions as a pragmatic layer added to propositional content and generates social meaning through strategies, presuppositions, and implicatures, clarifying evaluation’s role in interaction.
CHRONOTOPE (SPATIAL CONFIGURATION) IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LITERARY STUDIES
This article presents a comparative analysis of the artistic and functional features of the chronotope in Russian and Uzbek literary studies. Drawing on the scientific legacy of M.M. Bakhtin as one of the founders of chronotope theory, the study examines the process of assimilation and development of this concept in both literary traditions. The article reveals the essence of the chronotope as a category expressing the unity of time and space in literary works, its functions in artistic texts, as well as specific features manifested in Russian and Uzbek prose. According to the research findings, the chronotope determines not only the compositional structure of a literary work but also plays a decisive role in shaping character development, ensuring plot progression, and revealing ideological and aesthetic content in close connection with national mentality, cultural traditions, and historical memory. The methodological problems that arose during the relatively late introduction of chronotope theory into Uzbek literary studies and its adaptation to the national literary tradition are also analyzed.
AI TOOLS IN CURRICULUM DESIGN AND LAN GUAGE TESTING: TRANSFORMING EDUCATI ONAL PRACTICES IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This study examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in curriculum design and language testing within educational contexts. As AI technologies rapidly evolve, their application in educational settings presents both opportunities and challenges for language educators and curriculum developers. This article explores current AI implementations, analyzes their effectiveness in curriculum design and assessment practices, and discusses implications for future educational practice. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature and case studies, the research identifies key AI tools, their pedagogical applications, and their impact on learning outcomes. Findings suggest that AI tools significantly enhance curriculum personalization, assessment efficiency, and feedback quality, while also raising important considerations regarding pedagogical integrity, equity, and the evolving role of educators.
This article provides information about the location of the village of Mingtepa during the Timurid era, the reign of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur in Andijan, his struggle against Uzun Hassan and Ahmad Tanbal, who occupied Andijan after his return from Samarkand, and the participation of the people of Mingtepa in the battles against them. The article also provides some information about the social and economic situation of the village of Mingtepa during the Timurid era
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND YOUTH THINKING
This article philosophically analyzes the positive and negative aspects of the impact of artificial intelligence on human thinking. It is also recognized that artificial intelligence, while being a significant achievement of our time, is also causing some social problems.
RUSSIAN WOMEN’S PROSE AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH–21ST CENTURIES: MAIN TRENDS, ISSUES, AND POETICS
This article examines Russian women’s prose at the turn of the twentieth and twentyfirst centuries as a dynamic literary field shaped by late-Soviet legacies, post-Soviet social transformation, and the reconfiguration of authorial subjectivity. The study treats “women’s prose” not as a narrow thematic label, but as a set of recurrent narrative strategies through which female authors articulate experience, memory, and ethical choice under conditions of cultural instability. The analysis highlights how the period’s prose expands the repertoire of the everyday, turning domestic space, family narratives, bodily experience, and routine labor into sites of historical reflection and social diagnosis. Particular attention is paid to the poetics of intimacy and testimony: first-person narration, confessional tonality, fragmentary composition, and the deliberate inclusion of private speech genres that blur the border between fiction, autobiography, and documentary writing. The article argues that women’s prose of this era intensifies interest in trauma, vulnerability, and the politics of memory, while simultaneously resisting reductive victim narratives through irony, self-distance, and complex moral optics. The transformation of genre models is traced through the hybridization of short prose, family saga, psychological novel, and essayistic forms, as well as through the rise of urban narratives that register new patterns of mobility, precarity, and consumer culture. The research also considers the changing literary infrastructure of the period, including the diversification of publishing, the emergence of new readership communities, and the impact of prizes and media on canon formation. The article concludes that Russian women’s prose at the turn of the centuries constitutes an important laboratory of post-Soviet sensibility, producing distinct aesthetic solutions for representing identity, history, and everyday life in a time of accelerated change.
MAHMUDKHODJA BEHBUDIY AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS
This article highlights the role of Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy in the Uzbek Jadid movement and his reforms in the field of education. It analyzes Behbudiy's contribution to the development of the education system by establishing new-style schools, introducing modern approaches to the educational process, giving wide space to secular subjects, and preparing textbooks and methodological manuals. His activities, such as popularizing education through the press and drama, and promoting multilingual education, are also revealed in relation to their importance in the development of society.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 'S LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical development and evolutionary stages of English children’s literature. It examines the role of children’s literature in the spiritual life of society, highlighting its pedagogical, aesthetic, and educational significance. The study traces the origins of English children’s literature from folklore traditions to its emergence as an independent literary field in the eighteenth century, its rise to a “golden age” during the Victorian era, and its genre-based and ideological transformations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Particular attention is paid to the contributions of prominent writers such as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens, Rudyard Kipling, J.R.R. Tolkien, Roald Dahl, and J.K. Rowling to the development of children’s literature. The article also emphasizes the importance of plot construction, character portrayal, the unity of artistic and educational elements, and consideration of child psychology in literary works intended for young readers.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF COUNTERING RADICALISM WITHIN THE UN GLOBAL COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY
This article analyzes the conceptual foundations and priority directions of countering radicalism within the framework of the United Nations (UN) Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted in 2006. The results of the study, conducted on the basis of a comparativeanalytical method, demonstrate that eliminating the root causes of radicalism, cutting off financial sources, raising public awareness, and strengthening international cooperation are key factors in ensuring global security. In addition, based on international initiatives implemented in recent years and statistical data, the effectiveness of the Strategy is assessed and recommendations for its further improvement are proposed.
THE EXPRESSION OF “SMELL” (OLFACTORY) MEANING IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
This article analyzes the expression of the concept of smell (olfactory perception) in English and Uzbek phraseological units from a cognitive-semantic perspective. The study reveals that smell-related phraseological units are predominantly metaphorical in nature and primarily serve to express negative evaluation, intuitive perception, moral judgment, and social assessment. Based on a comparative analysis, the close relationship between the concept of smell and national-cultural cognition in both languages is highlighted
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF FEMINISTIC LEXICOLOGY AND TRANSLA TIONAL PROBLEMS (IN THE EXAMPLE OF O' TKAN KUNLAR BY A. KODIRI HEROINE KUMUSH AND GONE WITH WIND M.MITCHELL HEROINE SCARLET
The paper examines the structural and semantic features of feministic lexicology in the novel s O'tkan Kunlar by A. Kodiri, focusing on the heroine Kumush,and Gone with the Wind by M. Mitchell, focusing on the heroine Scarlett.Special attention is given to the lexical represe ntation of female characters,their emotional and social spheres, and the specific vocabulary t hat reflects their worldview, roles, and identity. The study analyzes difficulties and challenge s in translating feministic lexical units from Uzbek and English into other languages,taking i nto account cultural and contextual factors. The research highlights the correlation between t he semantic richness of feministic vocabulary and the translation problems arising from struc tural and stylistic differences in the source and target languages. Practical implications conce rn translators, literary scholars,and students of comparative literature.
EDUCATION POLICY IN INDIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Education policy in India has undergone significant transformations over the past decade, reflecting efforts to achieve universal access, improve quality, and integrate modern technology and skill development. This paper examines the evolution of Indian education policy, focusing on recent initiatives such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, state-level reforms, and government-led digital education programs. Using a combination of policy analysis, statistical data, and case studies, the study highlights key achievements, persistent challenges, and opportunities for future improvement. The findings emphasize the importance of equitable access, curriculum innovation, teacher development, and digital infrastructure in realizing educational goals
ON THE WORK OF MALIKAXON ZIYOYEVA, A TRUE FEMALE MUSICIAN OF THE CENTURY
This article examines the traditional oral paths of professional music, their role within the master-apprentice system, and their integration into contemporary music education. The study results show that traditional methods effectively develop students’ creative and technical skills. At the same time, the use of modern technologies and folkloric materials enhances the quality of music education.
"A DIDACTIC APPROACH TO THE EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE COMPETENCIES IN FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON FORESIGHT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION."
This article is intended for undergraduate students studying in the field of pedagogical higher education. It describes the pedagogical conditions, quality indicators, and information-didactic support for using innovative organizational-didactic forms of education in providing future teachers with methodological tools and knowledge related to creative pedagogical competence. The methodology for improving the creative competencies of future teachers based on Foresight technologies is highlighted through an innovative approach.
This article examines the role of figurative language in academic discourse. Many people believe academic discourse strictly refers to a literal meaning. In contrast, an article published in the journal Written Communication argues otherwise. It discusses why figurative language is important for research articles. Through insights from cognitive linguistics and discourse studies, it is argued that metaphor constitutes a central cognitive and rhetorical device in the construction and communication of academic knowledge. Study reveals crucial function of metaphorical expressions for a better conceptualisation and organisation of arguments. It also establishes dense relationships between disciplinary framing of papers and the use of metaphorical language.
TYPOLOGY OF GENDER-MARKED PHRASEOLOGISMS IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON
The present article investigates gender-marked phraseologisms from a cross-cultural perspective, with the aim of developing a typology based on their semantic, conceptual, and axiological characteristics. Phraseological units are examined as culturally conditioned linguistic signs that encode collective representations of masculinity and femininity (Dobrovol’skij & Piirainen, 2005; Sabban, 2008). The material is drawn from several linguocultural traditions and includes idioms containing explicit gender markers as well as units with implicit gender reference. Using semantic and comparative analysis, the study identifies major typological groups of gender-marked phraseologisms and demonstrates both universal tendencies and culture-specific patterns in the linguistic conceptualization of gender (Hellinger & Bußmann, 2001–2003; Wierzbicka, 1997). The findings reveal that while many cultures share common metaphorical models of masculinity and femininity, their evaluative orientation and functional distribution differ significantly across languages
CONTRASTIVE CONJUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK:A COMPARATIVE GRAMMATICAL AND DISCOURSE-BASED ANALYSIS
This article presents an extensive comparative grammatical and discourse-based analysis of contrastive conjunctions in English and Uzbek. The study investigates conjunctions such as but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, and on the other hand in English, alongside ammo, lekin, biroq, holbuki, and shunga qaramay in Uzbek. Drawing on contrastive linguistics, discourse analysis, and functional grammar, the research explores morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic features of these conjunctions. Corpus-based data are employed to ensure empirical reliability. The findings demonstrate that while both languages share similar communicative goals in expressing opposition and contrast, they differ significantly in syntactic integration, discourse autonomy, and pragmatic distribution. These differences have important implications for translation studies, comparative grammar, and foreign language pedagogy.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENHANCING LITERATURE TEACHING AND LEARNING
This article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence in enhancing the teaching and learning of literature within contemporary educational contexts. It examines how AI-based tools and technologies support literary analysis, improve student engagement, and personalize learning experiences. Particular attention is given to the pedagogical potential of artificial intelligence in developing critical thinking, interpretative skills, and learner autonomy. The study also discusses the changing role of the literature teacher in AI-supported classrooms and highlights ethical and methodological considerations related to the integration of intelligent technologies in education. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence, when applied purposefully and critically, can enrich literature instruction while preserving the human-centered nature of literary studies
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF LEARNING ACTIVITY AMONG GIFTED STUDENTS IN SPECIALIZED SCHOOLS
This article investigates the motivational factors influencing learning activity among gifted students enrolled in specialized schools. The study aims to identify key intrinsic and extrinsic determinants that shape students’ engagement in learning activities under conditions of intensified academic demands. A mixed-method research design was employed, including standardized motivation scales and statistical analysis. The findings demonstrate that intrinsic motivation, achievement orientation, and self-regulation serve as dominant predictors of learning activity among gifted students, while external factors such as teacher support and the educational environment function as facilitating conditions rather than primary drivers. The results highlight the importance of creating psychologically supportive learning environments that foster autonomy and competence in gifted learners.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING IN MODERN ENGLISH CLASSROOMS
This article explores the significance of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in contemporary English classrooms. It examines how CLT promotes effective communication, enhances students’ speaking and listening skills, and fosters interactive learning. The study highlights practical methods for implementing CLT, including pair and group activities, role-plays, and authentic language tasks. Emphasis is placed on creating a learner-centered environment that encourages participation, motivation, and cultural awareness. The article also discusses challenges faced by teachers in applying CLT and strategies to overcome them
THE FORM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL, ARTISTIC, AND POETIC CONCEPTS
This article explores the cognitive, cultural, and artistic aspects of poetic speech, concepts, and notions. Poetic speech is shaped by individual perception and contextual ethnolinguistic continuity. Concepts in poetic speech play a crucial role in transforming subjective experience into universal meanings, creating a semantic-associative system, and forming a speech-poetic continuum. A concept is interpreted as an ideal object reflecting cultural ideas in human consciousness, enabling reality perception through linguistic thinking. The article also discusses contemporary conceptualization theories, the stratification and evolution of notions, and their realization in poetic speech.
WORD-FORMATION FEATURES OF HYBRID WORDS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF ANGLICISMS IN THE ECONOMIC VOCABULARY OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
The article examines Anglicism-based hybrid lexical units emerging in Uzbek economic vocabulary. The study aims to identify the word-formation patterns of these hybrids, describe their structural and semantic features, and clarify their functional potential in economic discourse. The analysis treats affixation and composition as the main mechanisms of hybrid formation. In particular, the productivity of affixational patterns such as X+chi, X+lik, X+lash, and X+li is discussed, along with the terminologization potential of compositional structures including N+N, Adj+N, and N+Adj. The findings show that hybrid units differ from ordinary loanwords because they generate new nominations through the derivational adaptation of a borrowed component within the Uzbek word-formation system. This tendency is associated with communicative economy in the economic domain, rapid naming needs, and the demand for unified normative spelling and usage criteria. The paper also proposes practical criteria for distinguishing hybrid units from barbarisms, calquing, and code-switching in lexicographic and terminological practice