Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education is an international peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from across the world that advance knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of linguistics and education. The journal is concerned with the role played by language and other communicative/semiotic systems in mediating opportunities for learning and participation in a globalized world. Research published in the journal engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of informal learning contexts throughout the lifespan and across modes, genres and technologies ISSN (E): 2942-190X ResearchBib IF: 10.75 SJIF 2026: 9.809
LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE INVESTIGATION OF COLORONYMS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE: THE ANALYSIS OF "SABBAI SAYYOR" AND MODERN LINGUISTIC PERCEPTION
This article explores the linguoculturological and cognitive essence of color-expressing units (coloronyms) in the Uzbek language within the paradigm of anthropocentric linguistics. Rather than operating merely as surface-level lexical tokens, color terms function as deeply embedded conceptual structures that encapsulate centuries of empirical wisdom, mythopoetic archetypes, and ethno-cultural codes specific to the Uzbek nation. Utilizing Alisher Navo’i’s epic masterpiece "Sabbai Sayyor" ("Seven Planets") as a primary textual locus, this study decodes the symbolic hierarchy of colors and substantiates their cognitive trajectories within modern linguistic consciousness. The research methodology synthesizes textual hermeneutics, cognitive modeling, and empirical associative testing. The findings demonstrate a profound semantic continuity, revealing that the socio-cultural and mystical frameworks assigned to colors in classical Chagatai (Old Uzbek) literature remain vigorously active within contemporary Uzbek conceptualizations.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SOCIOLINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL SPEECH COMMUNITIES
This article investigates the sociolinguistic motivations and pragmatic functions of code-switching within bilingual speech communities. Code-switching, the systematic alternating between two or more languages within a single conversation, is analyzed not as a sign of linguistic deficiency, but as a deliberate communicative strategy. By examining the linguistic behavior of bilingual speakers, this study explores how social context, participant relationships, and psychological factors influence language choice. The findings demonstrate that code-switching serves critical interpersonal functions, including identity construction, emphasis, and the signaling of group solidarity, highlighting the complex interplay between language and social structure
FEEDING HOLSTEINIZED BLACK-ANDWHITE DAIRY COWS DURING THE LACTATION PERIOD
This article studies the effect of feeding Holstein black-and-white cows during lactation on milk yield and physiological status. The study developed balanced diets in accordance with the stages of lactation of cows and analyzed their need for energy, protein, minerals and vitamins. The effect of feeding on milk quantity, quality and metabolic processes was evaluated using the example of control and experimental groups. The results showed that full-value and balanced feeding helps to fully reveal the genetic potential of cows, increase milk yield by 15–25% and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. It was found that diets enriched with energy and protein, especially in the early stages of lactation, provide high efficiency. The results obtained demonstrate the practical importance of introducing modern feeding technologies in dairy farming.
EFFECT OF EGG TURNING FREQUENCY ON EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT
This article studies the effect of egg turning frequency on embryo development and chick hatching rates during incubation. During the study, chicken eggs were divided into three groups and different incubation regimes were used: classical, progressive and regressive turning regimes. The level of embryo development, activity and survival rates were assessed on days 7, 14 and 18 using the ovoscopy method. The results of the study showed that turning eggs at optimal and high frequencies improves embryo development, reduces embryo mortality and increases the percentage of chick hatching. In particular, in experimental group I, where the progressive turning regime was used, the percentage of developed embryos, the number of live embryos, the percentage of chick hatching and chick weight were recorded at a high level. On the other hand, low turning frequency caused embryos to stick to the shell, slow development of blood vessels and increased embryo mortality. The results obtained are of important scientific and practical importance in improving poultry incubation technology and obtaining high-quality chicks
THE POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF FEATURE FILM TITLES’ REFLECTION IN SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS
This article examines the potential of feature film titles’ reflection in syntactic constructions as well as the existing limitations thereof based on the selected corpus of film titles. Film titles or filmonyms expressed in the form of single clause, two- or multi-word syntactic constructions, phrases, simple sentences, and complex sentences are analyzed from the perspective of their structural composition. The study further investigates the common patterns and differences in the use of such syntactic structures in the English, Uzbek, and Russian languages. In addition, the degree of frequency of declarative, interrogative, negative, imperative, vocative simple sentences, and elliptical constructions across the languages with varying systems is identified through a comparative linguistic analysis. As a result, the functional-semantic, stylistic, pragmatic, and communicative effectiveness of syntactic structures in filmonyms is substantiated, while certain linguistic limitations existing in the languages are explained on the basis of linguacultural factors
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
This article covers the theoretical foundations of personal hygiene, its purpose, tasks, and role in maintaining human health and preventing diseases. In addition, the formation of hygienic habits, the need to instill them from childhood, and the formation of cultures of cleanliness, hand washing, prevention of various viral infections: influenza, COVID-19, and other infectious diseases transmitted by airborne droplets in children are also discussed. The article examines the physiological, psychological, and social benefits of observing personal hygiene rules. In particular, the fact that infectious diseases can be spread by microbes, viruses, and parasites, the effectiveness of their prevention measures, and the importance of preventive vaccination are explained on a scientific basis. In addition, the importance of personal hygiene in forming a healthy lifestyle is also substantiated.
SPEECH MANIPULATION AND ITS LINGUOPRAGMATIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE
This article analyzes the essence of the phenomenon of speech manipulation, its linguistic and psychological characteristics, main methods, and mechanisms of influence in the communicative process. In addition, manipulative units found in advertising, political speech, and everyday communication are explained through examples. The negative consequences of speech manipulation and the ways of protecting oneself from it are also discussed. Descriptive, comparative, and pragmatic analysis methods were used during the research
PERSONS NOT BELONGING TO THE TIMURID DYNASTY AT THE SEVENTH SESSION OF THE “MAJALIS UN-NAFAIS”
This article aims to highlight the importance of “Jahanshah Mirza and Ya’kub Mirza” mentioned in “Majalis un-nafais” in the literary environment of the period. In particular, their role as creators, in addition to being rulers, is also highlighted in the examples of their works other than “Majalis un-nafais”. It also discusses why Alisher Navoi mentioned their names in the seventh session.
CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF LINGUOCULTURAL UNITS IN LITERARY TRANSLATION FROM UZBEK INTO ENGLISH
A linguocultureme may be understood as a culturally saturated linguistic unit that preserves collective cultural experience and activates socially shared meanings in discourse. In linguocultural studies, Vorobyev defines a linguocultureme as “a complex interlevel unit that combines linguistic meaning with cultural content” [7, p. 44]. Such units function not merely as lexical signs but as carriers of pragmatic and cultural information that regulate interpersonal relations, politeness, hierarchy, irony, and evaluative stance in literary communication. Their pragmatic dimension shapes how speakers position themselves and others in interaction, thereby influencing reader perception and narrative credibility
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS FOR PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATION
The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosing the level of preparation of future teachers for pedagogical communication. The author presents a multi-component understanding of communicative readiness, describes criteria and indicators for its evaluation, and analyzes the main methods used in pedagogical diagnostics: questionnaires, selfassessment scales, observation, test methods, projective techniques, expert evaluation, analysis of the products of activity, and situational-practical tasks. Special attention is paid to the integration of methods into a coherent diagnostic system, to the validity and reliability of diagnostic procedures, and to the use of diagnostic data for the individualization of communicative training. The findings show that only a balanced combination of several types of methods makes it possible to obtain a reliable and operationally useful picture of communicative readiness, supporting both research aims and practical pedagogical decisions in the preparation of future primary and preschool teachers.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR USING BLOG TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Maqolada adabiy taʼlim jarayonida o‘quvchilarning ijtimoiy-madaniy kompetensiyasini shakllantirishda blog texnologiyalaridan foydalanish yo‘llariga doir metodik muammo xususida so‘z yuritiladi.
USING REVIEWS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXT-BASED INSTRUCTION: A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING LEXICAL-PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE
This article presents a methodological framework for integrating review texts into English language instruction with the aim of developing students’ lexical-pragmatic competence. Drawing on theoretical contributions from scholars such as Jeremy Harmer, Mary Rais, and Avil Beckford, as well as empirical studies conducted by researchers in Malaysia and Hawaii, the article argues that review genres, including film reviews, book reviews, and customer reviews constitute rich, authentic pedagogical resources. The study examines the linguistic, discursive, and pragmatic properties of review texts and proposes a three-stage instructional technology applicable to university-level EFL classrooms. Particular attention is given to digital platforms and collaborative activities designed to promote critical reading, pragmatic awareness, and productive language use. The findings suggest that review-based instruction not only enhances language proficiency but also cultivates critical thinking, stylistic flexibility, and intercultural communicative competence
GLOBALIZATION AND THE PRESERVATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN UZBEK LITERATURE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES
Globalization exerts a powerful influence on Central Asian literary fields, including that of Uzbekistan. This article investigates how contemporary Uzbek literature (2010–2025) negotiates the tension between global integration and the preservation of national identity. Using qualitative content analysis of 15 literary works, 12 critical essays, and 8 author interviews, the study identifies three dominant authorial strategies: selective hybridization, critical traditionalism, and transcultural writing. Results indicate that while Western genres, digital themes, and lexical mixing are pervasive, authors actively embed linguistic markers, folklore, and national historical narratives to assert local identity. The findings challenge a simple “loss versus purity” dichotomy, showing that globalization paradoxically both erodes and strengthens national literary distinctiveness. The article concludes with policy recommendations for literary education, translation funding, and digital preservation that balance openness with cultural heritage continuity.
ALISHER NAVOI — THE SPIRITUAL ARCHITECT OF SOCIETY
This article analyzes the role of Alisher Navoi's socio-anthropological views in shaping the prosperity of society, as well as the education of youth.
EFFECT OF DRY MILK SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHICK DIETS ON FEED INTAKE AND FEED CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
This article investigates the effect of dry milk supplementation in the diets of Lohmann Brown chicks on feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. During the experiment, different levels of dry milk were added to the diets, and the amount of feed consumed as well as feed required per 1 kg of live weight gain were analyzed. The results demonstrated that dry milk supplementation improved nutrient digestibility and feed utilization efficiency. The best feed conversion ratio was observed in the second experimental group, where dry milk was included at a level of 3-4%. In this group, feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was significantly lower compared to the control group. The findings scientifically confirm that the optimal use of dry milk in chick diets enhances growth efficiency and reduces feed costs.
PRIORITY ISSUES OF THE LINGUOPOETIC АPPROАCH TO LITERАRY TEXT
The аrticle scientificаlly substаntiаtes thаt the study of the vocаbulаry of а literаry work constitutes аn importаnt pаrt of the study of аrtistic speech, аnd thаt lexicаl units serve аs significаnt meаns performing stylistic functions in literаry discourse. Eаrly аrticles devoted to the аnаlysis of literаry speech in Uzbek linguistics discussed the specific feаtures of аrtistic speech аnd the writers’ mаstery in using the nаtionаl lаnguаge. In pаrticulаr, the linguistic mаstery of the writer Odil Yoqubov in using lаnguаge is reveаled through linguopoetic аnаlysis bаsed on texts tаken from his works
APPLICATION OF THE PROBABILITY ADDITION THEOREM IN PRACTICAL PROBLEMS
This article explores the theoretical foundations of the probability addition theorem and its application in practical problems. The article presents probability addition formulas for mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events, and their application in various fields such as transport and logistics, medicine and biology, economics and financial risk assessment, and education and pedagogy is explained through examples. Practical problems for each field are analyzed along with their solutions, revealing the importance of probability theory in real life. The research results show that the probability addition theorem is an important mathematical tool in evaluating complex processes, identifying risks, and making decisions
SPECTRAL INEQUALITIES FOR POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE HERMITIAN MATRICES
This paper investigates inequalities involving the largest eigenvalue, rank, and trace of positive semidefinite Hermitian matrices. The key estimates are established using the spectral theorem.
FUNCTIONAL TYPOLOGY OF PUNCTUATION ACROSS LITERARY, JOURNALISTIC, AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSES: A COMPARATIVE PRAGMATIC AND STYLISTIC ANALYSIS
This article provides an integrative analysis of punctuation across three major discourse types: literary, journalistic, and scientific. It demonstrates that punctuation functions as a multifunctional semiotic system whose pragmatic, stylistic, and structural roles vary depending on genre-specific communicative goals. In literary discourse, punctuation primarily performs emotional-expressive and stylistic functions; in journalistic discourse, it serves pragmatic and persuasive purposes; and in scientific discourse, it fulfills normative and logical-structural roles. The study applies comparative discourse analysis to show how punctuation operates as a dynamic interface between syntax, cognition, and communicative intention across genres
THE ROLE AND PROSPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY
This article analyzes the role and prospects of biotechnology in ensuring food security with special emphasis on fruit production. Under conditions of climate change, limited natural resources, and increasing phytosanitary risks, the production of virus-free and genetically stable planting material becomes critically important. The study highlights key stages of in vitro culture, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, shoot organogenesis, micrografting, and cryopreservation. These biotechnological approaches contribute to the development of intensive orcharding systems, enhancement of export potential, and conservation of genetic resources of fruit crops. Compared to conventional propagation methods, biotechnology provides higher efficiency, genetic uniformity, and phytosanitary safety. The findings demonstrate the necessity of implementing modern biotechnological tools in fruit growing to strengthen sustainable food security systems.
APPLICATIONS OF LINE INTEGRALS TO AMPERE'S AND FARADAY'S LAWS
In this article, the scientific significance of line integrals of the second kind, which are one of the fundamental concepts of mathematical analysis, in expressing the laws of electrodynamics is investigated. It is demonstrated that line integrals serve as the primary computational tool in studying processes occurring in vector fields. The main focus is on the mathematical model of Ampere's and Faraday's laws and their application in solving specific physical problems, particularly the problem of calculating the magnetic field of a currentcarrying straight conductor. It is thoroughly analyzed how the fundamental laws of electrodynamics lead to classic formulas through a purely logical-mathematical approach
LINGUOCULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF DESCRIPTIVE AND APOTROPAIC NAMES IN UZBEK ANTHROPONYMY
This article analyzes the factors behind the emergence of so-called descriptive names in Uzbek anthroponymy, as well as the ethnographic and linguacultural beliefs associated with them. The author highlights the role of belief in the magic of words, the desire to protect infants from evil forces, unnatural occurrences during childbirth, and the naming of visible marks on a child's body as traditional ways of forming apotropaic (protective) names. Drawing on the works of scholars such as E.Begmatov and S.Kenzhayeva, the article examines ancient Uzbek beliefs and perceptions of mythical enemy forces (e.g., alvasti, dev, pari, the evil eye) through the lens of anthroponyms
STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF NOMINAL PHRASES IN MODERN ENGLISH
This article investigates the structural, semantic and functional representations of nominal phrases in the English language. A nominal phrase is one of the central syntactic units in English grammar because it performs various functions in sentence structure, such as subject, object, complement, modifier and prepositional complement. The study focuses on the internal organization of nominal phrases, their grammatical components, semantic features and communicative roles in different contexts. Special attention is paid to the head noun, determiners, premodifiers, postmodifiers, genitive constructions, appositive structures and complex nominal groups. The article also discusses how nominal phrases contribute to reference, information packaging, cohesion and academic style. The analysis shows that nominal phrases in English are not merely combinations of nouns and modifiers, but complex linguistic structures that represent objects, concepts, events, qualities and abstract relations. The research is based on descriptive, structural-semantic and functional methods. The findings may be useful for English grammar studies, syntax analysis, translation practice and academic writing
THE PHENOMENON OF ELLIPSIS IN LINGUISTICS
Ellipsis is considered as the most common grammatical cohesive device in written and spoken text and its main feature is the omission of certain parts of a sentence while preserving its meaning in a text or sentence and allowing the reader or listener to reconstruct the missing components from the context. The study explores the historical development of the concept, its theoretical interpretations, and its functional role in both written and spoken discourse. The findings show that ellipsis is a universal linguistic phenomenon that plays a significant role in ensuring cohesion and efficiency in communication. It is particularly characteristic of informal spoken language, where shared background knowledge allows for the omission of redundant elements without loss of meaning. This article provides information about the phenomenon of ellipsis and its types, they are analyzed using different examples.
PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
The article is devoted to the methodology of teaching foreign languages as a field of pedagogical science. The concept of a teaching method is examined, and the main approaches are analyzed: the grammar-translation method, the natural method, the direct method, and neo-direct methods. Particular attention is paid to their features, as well as to the development of the communicative approach aimed at forming practical language skills
teaching methodology, foreign languages, teaching methods, grammar-translation method, natural method, direct method, neo-direct methods, communicative approach, pedagogical process, language competence, didactics
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTONYMIC TRANSLATION IN SCIENTIFIC TEXTS
This article analyzes the role and significance of antonymic translation techniques in the translation of scientific texts. The study explores the lexico-grammatical features of rendering a negative meaning from one language into an affirmative form in another (and vice versa). A comparative analysis of antonymic translation is provided, emphasizing its effectiveness in preserving the principles of precision, logic, and objectivity inherent in the scientific style. Furthermore, the article demonstrates through examples the stylistic and semantic advantages of this method in achieving adequate translations of complex sentences found in technical and academic literature.
antonymic translation, scientific style, adequacy, translation transformation, lexico-grammatical replacement, negation and affirmation
THE IMPLICATION OF PHENOMENON BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
Phenomenon-Based Learning (PhenoBL) represents a transformative pedagogical approach that integrates real-world phenomena as the foundation for interdisciplinary learning experiences. This article examines the implications of implementing PhenoBL in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching contexts, exploring its pedagogical foundations, practical applications, benefits, and challenges. Through a comprehensive review of recent scholarly literature, this study analyzes how PhenoBL facilitates authentic language learning by connecting linguistic competence development with disciplinary content and real-world professional challenges. The findings reveal that PhenoBL enhances student engagement, promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, develops communicative competence, and prepares learners for authentic professional communication. However, implementation challenges include linguistic accuracy difficulties, the need for structured scaffolding, teacher preparation requirements, and institutional resource constraints. The article discusses various PhenoBLaligned approaches including problem-based learning, project-based learning, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and interdisciplinary collaboration models. Practical implications for ESP educators include the necessity of scaffolded instruction, targeted feedback mechanisms, authentic assessment strategies, and collaborative curriculum design. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge on innovative ESP pedagogy and provides actionable recommendations for educators seeking to implement phenomenon-based approaches in diverse ESP teaching contexts
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN DESCRIPTIVISM: A REASSESSMENT
This article provides a critical reassessment of the theoretical foundations of American descriptivism within the broader development of modern linguistic thought. American descriptivism, which emerged in the early twentieth century, represented a significant departure from prescriptive and historically oriented linguistic traditions by emphasizing the systematic description of language as it is actually used. The study examines the key contributions of leading figures such as Leonard Bloomfield and Edward Sapir, focusing on their methodological principles, including empiricism, distributional analysis, and the prioritization of spoken language data. Special attention is given to the influence of behaviorism and the rejection of mentalistic explanations in early descriptive frameworks. Furthermore, the article analyzes the limitations of descriptivism, particularly its inability to account for deeper cognitive and generative aspects of language, as later highlighted by Noam Chomsky. By re-evaluating descriptivism in light of contemporary linguistic theories, the study argues that, despite its shortcomings, American descriptivism laid the groundwork for structural analysis and empirical rigor in linguistics. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of its enduring relevance in modern linguistic research
RHETORICAL STRATEGIES AND AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF SIR KEN ROBINSON’S TED TALK
This study examines the rhetorical strategies used in TED Talks and their role in enhancing audience engagement. It focuses on how speakers employ techniques such as storytelling, emotional appeal, humor, repetition, and rhetorical questions to capture and maintain the audience’s attention. The research also explores the use of verbal and nonverbal communication, including tone, body language, and visual aids, in delivering effective presentations. By analyzing selected TED Talk, the study highlights how these strategies contribute to clarity, persuasion, and memorability. The findings suggest that successful speakers skillfully combine rhetorical devices with authentic delivery to create a strong connection with their audience and effectively communicate their ideas.
THE USE OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STEAM EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
This article highlights the use of electronic educational resources in the implementation of STEAM educational technology and their importance