Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education is an international peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from across the world that advance knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of linguistics and education. The journal is concerned with the role played by language and other communicative/semiotic systems in mediating opportunities for learning and participation in a globalized world. Research published in the journal engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of informal learning contexts throughout the lifespan and across modes, genres and technologies ISSN (E): 2942-190X ResearchBib IF: 9.765 SJIF 2024: 5.035
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN POLITICAL PROCESSES
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the role and importance of civil society institutions in political processes. It also reveals the essence of the concept of civil society, its main institutions, and their functions. The author examines the participation of non-governmental non-profit organizations, mass media, political parties, and public associations in political processes. The article highlights the role of civil society institutions in public administration, the implementation of public control, and their importance in increasing the political activity of the population. Furthermore, the reforms aimed at developing civil society institutions in Uzbekistan and their outcomes are analyzed. In conclusion, existing problems are identified, and proposals and recommendations for their solution are developed.
non-governmental non-profit organizations
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PROBLEMS OF MAN AND NATURE IN THE STORIES OF SHUKUR KHOLMIRZAEV
In this article it is expressed poetic features of the store by Shukur Xolmerzaev, sincerity in the poet’s senses, his fanciest viewpoints about the world and man. Especially, contradiction between a word and spirit, feelings of soul in metaphorical interpretation is expressed and poetic meaning layers emerge as interpretations based on the plot.
IMPROVING THE MONITORING OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS A PEDAGOGICAL NECESSITY
This article substantiates the pedagogical necessity of improving the monitoring of spiritual and educational activities in higher education institutions. It analyzes the content, key functions, principles, and practical significance of the monitoring system. The paper also highlights the development of monitoring processes based on modern pedagogical technologies, ensuring students’ moral and spiritual development, and improving the quality of education. The author proposes priority directions and effective mechanisms for enhancing the monitoring system
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN FOLKLORE STUDIES: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
This article examines phraseological units in folkloristics as an important intersection of language, culture, and collective memory. Phraseological units, including idioms, proverbs, and other fixed expressions, are analyzed as stable and reproducible linguistic forms whose meanings often extend beyond the literal meanings of their components. Special attention is given to their role in folklore genres such as proverbs, riddles, tales, songs, and oral poetry, where they function as carriers of cultural values, historical experience, and social norms. The study highlights key characteristics of phraseological units in folklore, including stability, figurativeness, non-compositionality, and expressive power. It also explores their origins in myths, religious beliefs, historical events, and everyday practices, emphasizing their value for historical and etymological research. Furthermore, the article discusses the linguopoetic and cognitive functions of phraseological expressions, showing how they shape the phraseological picture of the world and reflect the worldview of a speech community. The findings demonstrate that phraseological units in folklore are not only linguistic phenomena but also cultural artifacts that preserve national identity and traditional wisdom across generations.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEK LANGUAGE AS A TURKIC ROOT AND ITS MODERNIZATION
This article analyzes the historical development of the Uzbek language from its Turkic origins to its modern standardized form. It examines linguistic changes influenced by socio-political, cultural, and technological factors across different historical periods. Special attention is given to the Chagatai literary tradition, Soviet language reforms, and postindependence modernization processes. The study highlights script transformations, lexical borrowing, and language policy. The findings demonstrate that Uzbek has preserved its Turkic structural identity while adapting to global communication and modern technological demands.
MEMORY, MORAL CHOICE, AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH AND UZBEK PROSE
This article explores the representation of memory, moral choice, and national identity in contemporary English and Uzbek prose through a comparative literary perspective. Modern writers increasingly address questions of belonging, ethical responsibility, historical trauma, and personal dignity in response to globalization and rapid social change. The study applies comparative, narratological, hermeneutic, and discourse-analytical methods to selected English and Uzbek literary texts. The results indicate that English prose frequently emphasizes psychological memory, individual isolation, and moral ambiguity, while Uzbek prose more often foregrounds collective memory, family continuity, and ethical responsibility rooted in cultural tradition. In both traditions, protagonists are confronted with difficult moral decisions that shape their identities and relationships with society. The article concludes that literature from both cultures demonstrates how memory functions not only as recollection of the past but also as a moral force influencing the present. Comparative analysis confirms the relevance of Uzbek prose within broader world literary studies
LINGUOCULTURAL RERRESENTATION OF MAN AND WOMAN IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK APHORISMS
This article explores the linguocultural features of the representation of “man” and “woman” concepts in English and Uzbek aphorisms. Aphorisms, as concentrated expressions of folk wisdom reflect the gender-specific values, social roles and stereotypes embedded in different cultures. Through a comparative analysis, the study identifies both universal human perceptions and unique national characteristics shaped by historical, religious and social factors in both languages. The research highlights how the English language tends towards individualistic and social role-based descriptions, whereas Uzbek aphorisms often emphasize family hierarchy, modesty and traditional moral virtues.
CHALLENGES IN TEACHING FRENCH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS TO PHILOLOGY STUDENTS
The acquisition of phraseological units constitutes a significant challenge in foreign language learning, particularly for philology students specializing in French. This article examines the key difficulties encountered in teaching French phraseological units and identifies pedagogical strategies to address them. Drawing on linguocultural and cognitive approaches, the study highlights issues such as semantic opacity, cultural specificity, and limited exposure in instructional materials. The findings suggest that integrating contextualized teaching methods and intercultural competence can enhance students’ mastery of phraseology.
THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY AND STRESS ON LEARNING LANGUAGE PROCESS
This study examines the effect of anxiety and stress on learning activity in language learning. It explores how emotional factors influence learners’ participation, motivation, and performance. The findings indicate that high grades of anxiety and stress negatively affect language acquisition by reducing confidence, limiting interaction, and impairing cognitive processes. However, moderate stress may have a motivating effect when properly managed. The study highlights the importance of supportive teaching strategies to reduce negative emotional barriers
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF SPEECH ACTS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A CROSSCULTURAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
This article provides a comprehensive cross-cultural analysis of the pragmatic functions of speech acts in English and Uzbek. It focuses on how speakers of both languages perform communicative actions such as requests, apologies, compliments, and refusals in different social contexts. The study examines the influence of cultural values, including politeness, respect, and social hierarchy, on the realization of speech acts.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CLOTHING NAMES IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS
This article investigates the ethnolinguistic characteristics of clothing names within the paremiological systems of the Uzbek and English languages. Proverbs and sayings are regarded as a “cultural code” that preserves a nation’s historical experience and social values. The article analyzes how traditional and modern garments function as metaphorical tools to express concepts of social status, morality, gender, and identity. By employing a comparativetypological approach, the study reveals that while both cultures use clothing to signify social hierarchy, the Uzbek language emphasizes collective honor and ceremonial status (centered around the to‘n and do‘ppi), whereas English paremias often reflect individual pragmatism and economic discipline (centered around the coat and hat). The findings contribute to the fields of cognitive linguistics, paremiology, and intercultural communication by highlighting the unique “linguistic pictures of the world” inherent in these two genetically unrelated languages
This article discusses lexical and grammatical challenges that may arise during the process of translation. It highlights potential difficulties that translators may face in both professional and everyday communication, their causes, and possible solutions. The types and levels of problems that can occur are also analyzed
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT WORK IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES COURSE
This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of organizing students' independent work in teaching the subject "Information Technologies" within the higher education system. The author elaborates on the role of independent learning in activating students' academic and cognitive activity, as well as issues related to designing this process using modern IT tools. The article provides a theoretical justification for the essence of the concept of independent work, its structural components, and its significance in developing students' professional competencies. Furthermore, effective models for managing students' independent activities in the context of distance learning platforms and digital technologies are proposed.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF A TEACHER
This article comprehensively analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of motivation in developing the innovative activities of teachers within the modern educational system. In particular, the essence of the concept of motivation in the professional activities of educators, its structural components, and the mechanisms of its impact on innovative processes are elucidated on a scientific basis. During the research, the main types of motivation—intrinsic and extrinsic motivation—are analyzed from the perspective of their role in teachers' creative thinking, openness to novelties, and the process of implementing pedagogical innovations into practice. The study substantiates the connection of intrinsic motivation with the teacher's personal interests, professional needs, and aspirations for self-development, while explaining the formation of extrinsic motivation through a system of incentives, social recognition, and institutional support factors. Furthermore, the article reveals the inextricable link between motivation and the quality of education in the effective organization of teachers' innovative activities. It is scientifically explained how educators with a high level of motivation increase educational efficiency by using interactive methods during lessons, applying activating technologies for students, and ensuring an individual approach
IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CAREER GUIDANCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON DIGITAL ECONOMY INDICES
This article analyzes the issues of modernizing the education system and effectively guiding students toward careers in information and communication technologies (ICT) in the context of the rapid development of the digital economy. The study uses digital economy indices as the main analytical criteria and develops mechanisms for improving educational strategies based on these indicators. The results demonstrate that aligning the education system with real economic indicators contributes to enhancing students’ professional competencies.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMING MEDIA CULTURE IN STUDENTS
This article analyzes the relevance, theoretical-methodological foundations, and practical mechanisms of forming media culture in students within the context of the modern information society using a complex approach. As a result of the rapid development of digital technologies and information-communication tools, the expansion of the global information space makes the formation of youth's information competencies one of the priority tasks of the educational system. The research scientifically substantiates the essence of the concept of media culture, its structural components, and its role in personality development. In particular, the importance of developing media literacy, critical thinking, information analysis and evaluation, and the skills to understand and interpret media texts in students is specifically highlighted. Furthermore, the article analyzes the necessity of forming competencies regarding information security issues, specifically protection against fake information, manipulative media influences, and cyber threats. The role of pedagogical approaches, interactive methods, and the effective use of digital educational environments in the process of developing media culture in students is revealed.
FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF FOREIGN BORROWINGS IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE SPEECH (BASED ON INTERVIEW DATA)
The article examines the theoretical as well as functional and communicative aspects of borrowed words in the Russian language. The main approaches to the interpretation of the borrowing process, presented in the works of Russian linguists, are summarized, and its dependence on socio-cultural factors is emphasized. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the functioning of foreign lexical units based on authentic speech of native speakers. The research material consists of transcripts of more than 100 video interviews selected through continuous sampling. The analysis has revealed the main functions of borrowings, including the nomination of new and obsolete concepts, linguistic economy, specification, euphemization, and the expression of irony. It has been established that the use of borrowed words is determined by a combination of social factors and the specific features of speakers’ verbal behavior. The study concludes that borrowings are functionally motivated and play a significant communicative role in contemporary Russian speech
CHARACTER TRAITS EXPRESSING ATTITUDES TOWARD A GROUP AND INDIVIDUALS
This study is devoted to a comparative-typological analysis of the structural, semantic, and functional features of information notes (informational texts) in English and Uzbek. The research identifies similarities and differences in the macrostructure and communicative-pragmatic functions of information notes in both languages. It is substantiated that linguocultural characteristics serve as the primary factor determining the discursive nature of informational texts
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF HEADLINES IN ONLINE NEWS PORTALS
This article analyzes the pragmatic functions of headlines in online news portals using examples from English and Uzbek media resources. The study examines the informative, manipulative, persuasive, and attention-grabbing features of headlines. The impact of headlines on the reader’s speech activity in digital discourse, the phenomenon of “clickbait,” and scientific analyses based on Speech Act Theory are presented. The paper concludes with findings on enhancing the pragmatic potential of headlines in the digital media environment. Keywords: pragmatics, news headlines, online media, speech acts, clickbait, persuasiveness, informativeness, communicative strategy.
POSSIBILITIES OF FORMING THE LINGUOCULTURAL CONTENT OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE GERMAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
this article examines the potential of neologisms in the formation of linguocultural meaning. Neologisms are interpreted not only as lexical units that name new realities but also as semantic tools reflecting and shaping socio-cultural transformations in society. Based on examples from German and Uzbek, the study provides a comparative linguocultural analysis of the semantic structure of neologisms, their axiological components, and their relationship with national worldviews. The findings demonstrate that neologisms function as indicators of social values and cultural paradigms, revealing the priorities and ideological orientations of a particular society. In German, neologisms often reflect values such as rationality, institutional responsibility, and efficiency, whereas in Uzbek they emphasize social solidarity, moral responsibility, and collective values. Consequently, neologisms serve as an important linguistic mechanism through which cultural meanings and social attitudes are conceptualized and transmitted.
ON THE PRINCIPLES OF CREATING AN ELECTRONIC LINGUISTIC DATABASE OF TRANSLATION UNITS OF LITERARY TEXTS IN GLOBAL CORPUS LINGUISTICS
This article examines the principles underlying the creation of an electronic linguistic database of translation units in literary texts within the framework of corpus linguistics. The study employs a corpus-based approach to identify, classify, and systematically organize translation units across multiple linguistic levels. Particular emphasis is placed on segmentation, alignment models, and the extraction of translation equivalents through the use of parallel corpora. Furthermore, the research analyzes international corpus practices, with specific reference to the British National Corpus and the Russian National Corpus, highlighting their structural and methodological characteristics. The findings demonstrate that corpus-based methods provide a reliable empirical foundation for enhancing translation analysis and for the development of electronic linguistic resources.
“PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN ‘THE GIRL WITH THE BLACKENED EYE’ BY JOYCE CAROL OATES”
This article conducts a literary-psychological analysis of Joyce Carol Oates's short story 'The Girl with the Blackened Eye'. Employing a qualitative methodology rooted in psychoanalytic and trauma theory, the study investigates the profound psychological conflict experienced by the unnamed female protagonist following her abduction and sexual assault. The conflict is framed as a struggle between the conscious imperative for survival and normative social performance, and the unconscious, traumatic memory that threatens to dismantle the self. The analysis reveals how this internal schism manifests through narrative fragmentation, somatic symptoms, and linguistic dissociation. The protagonist's use of the second-person narrative voice ('you') is identified as a critical linguistic mechanism for managing unbearable psychic pain, creating a defensive distance from the traumatic self. The findings contribute to understanding how literature formally embodies post-traumatic stress, illustrating the conflict not as a binary but as a destabilizing force that permanently alters identity and perception. The study positions Oates's work as a significant exploration of the silent, internal aftermath of violence against women.
Trauma Identity crisis Violence and abuse Gender dynamics
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY ON ORAL PERFORMANCE OF EFL LEARNERS
This article investigates the impact of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) on the oral performance of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. The study analyzes psychological factors, such as fear of making mistakes and low self-confidence, which lead to a decrease in speaking performance. The paper provides methodological recommendations for reducing anxiety levels and enhancing the effectiveness of oral communication.
GASTRONOMIC DISCOURSE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF FOOD TOURISM NARRATIVES
This article explores the relationship between gastronomic discourse and cultural identity through a linguistic analysis of food tourism narratives. It examines how language is used to represent culinary experiences in various forms of media, including travel blogs, restaurant reviews, and social platforms. The study highlights the role of linguistic elements such as metaphor, storytelling, evaluative vocabulary, and cultural references in shaping perceptions of food and constructing cultural meanings. Special attention is given to how gastronomic discourse reflects traditions, heritage, and collective memory, while also facilitating intercultural communication. The article argues that language is not merely a descriptive tool but a powerful medium that influences the promotion of gastronomic tourism and the formation of cultural identity in a globalized world
Functional Features of Foreign Borrowings in Russian-Language Speech (Based on Interview Data)
CONCEPTUAL INTERPRETATION OF FLOWER NAMES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article explores the conceptual interpretation of flower names in English and Uzbek languages from a linguocultural and cognitive perspective. Flower names function not only as botanical terms but also as important cultural symbols reflecting national mentality, traditions, and aesthetic values. The study analyzes the semantic and symbolic meanings of flower names and their representation in linguistic units such as metaphors, idioms, and proverbs. Using conceptual, semantic, and comparative methods, the research investigates similarities and differences in the conceptualization of flower names in English and Uzbek languages. The results demonstrate that flower symbolism plays an important role in shaping cultural worldview and linguistic consciousness. The study also highlights how flower names contribute to cultural communication and the expression of national identity
ENHANCING SPEAKING FLUENCY THROUGH TASK-BASED INTERACTIVE ACTIVITIES IN EFL CONTEXT
This article examines the role of task-based interactive activities in developing speaking fluency in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Particular attention is given to communicative tasks such as role-plays, pair work, group discussions and information-gap activities which stimulate meaningful interaction between learners. The paper discusses theoretical foundations of task-based language teaching and highlights how interactive communication increases learners’ confidence, participation and speech production
BEYOND THE SPECTRUM: A COMPARATIVE LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF COLOR LEXICON IN JAPANESE, ENGLISH, AND KARAKALPAK
This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the lexical systems of color terminology in three genetically and typologically distinct languages: Japanese, English, and Karakalpak. While the study of color terms has been central to the debate between linguistic universalism and relativism, few studies have juxtaposed these specific linguocultures to identify the unique models of color conceptualization they represent. Methods: The study employs a multi-faceted methodology combining a descriptive method for inventorying color lexicons, a comparative method to identify universal and specific traits, and a linguocultural analysis to interpret the symbolic and phraseological semantics of color terms. The theoretical framework synthesizes the universalist theory of Basic Color Terms (BCT) by Berlin and Kay with a culturally-sensitive approach rooted in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Results: The analysis revealed three distinct models of organizing the lexico-semantic field of color.
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE LEAN AND BIG DATA ENVIRONMENT
This article exрlores the integration of Lean and Big Data methodologies into strategic analysis, drawing on the case of industrial enterprises in Uzbekistan. It identifies existing challenges and presents the author’s proposals for addressing them. The study provides a scientifically grounded theoretical framework for evaluating the performance of joint-stock companies operating in Uzbekistan based on open-source data. Furthermore, it offers conclusions on facilitating effective managerial decision-making through the implementation of strategic analysis grounded in financial reporting indicators
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN`S AND ADULT LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION THEORY
This article explores the main differences between children`s and adult literature and how they influence to the process of translation. The given examples from classics like «Cinderella» and modern English prose, analyzes how linguistic simplicity, ethics, moral functions and the «Child Image» concept influence to the translation. Special attention is given to the theory of polyphony and narrative function, adding that translating for young readers requires the skill of a «creative actor» to preserve the unique voice of given characters.