Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education is an international peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from across the world that advance knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of linguistics and education. The journal is concerned with the role played by language and other communicative/semiotic systems in mediating opportunities for learning and participation in a globalized world. Research published in the journal engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of informal learning contexts throughout the lifespan and across modes, genres and technologies ISSN (E): 2942-190X ResearchBib IF: 9.765 SJIF 2024: 5.035
LEXICOGRAPHICAL APPROACH: DIFFERENCES IN RENDERING THE MEANINGS OF “SADOQAT” AND “LOYALTY” IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH DICTIONARIES
The Uzbek term sadoqat and its English equivalent, loyalty, are compared lexicographically in this study using Uzbek Wiktionary, Oʻzbek tilining izohli lugʻati, and Oxford Learner's Dictionary. The study delineates semantic and cultural divergences, structuring its inquiry across definitions, a comparative table, and implications, revealing that sadoqat emphasizes emotional-ethical commitment rooted in Arabic origins and collectivist values, while loyalty extends to pragmatic domains like commerce and politics and establishes the purpose: to uncover nuanced differences in conceptual expression between the languages. Tasks include obtaining dictionary definitions and actual discourse, with technique incorporating comparative linguistics, semantic field theory, and corpus analysis from materials including the British National Corpus, media texts, political speeches, and literary works.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
HYPRO-HYPONYMIC RELATIONSHIPS OF KITCHEN UTENSIL NAMES IN ENGLISH
The article investigates hyper–hyponymic relationships in the lexical-semantic field of kitchen utensil names in English. Hypernymy is understood as a genus–species relation between lexemes, where a general concept semantically includes more specific ones. The study demonstrates that kitchen utensil terminology in English is characterized by a multi-level hierarchical structure, in which lexemes function both as hyponyms and hypernyms at different stages. The analysis reveals that the hypernym cooking/kitchen utensils covers a wide range of lexical-semantic groups, including dishes, kitchen utensils, and kitchen appliances and devices. The results confirm that hyper–hyponymic relations play a crucial role in the systematization, classification, and interpretation of lexical units within the semantic field and reflect both linguistic and cultural specificity.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE LINGUO-STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE WORD 'HEART' IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE BASED ON THE NOVEL “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE”
This article presents a linguo-stylistic analysis of the word “heart” as used in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. Focusing on metaphorical and idiomatic expressions involving “heart,” the study examines how this word functions stylistically in character development, emotional expression, and thematic framing. A combined cognitive stylistic and corpus-informed approach is applied: all instances of “heart” in the novel are identified and analyzed in context, and patterns in frequency and collocation are noted. The analysis reveals that “heart” serves as a rich stylistic device in Austen’s narrative. It conveys sincerity and emotional depth, often via conceptual metaphors (e.g. heart as seat of emotion), and it highlights character perspectives (such as the head-versus-heart conflict). By drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), cognitive stylistics, and corpus stylistics, the article demonstrates that references to “heart” play a key role in expressing authenticity of feeling, irony, and the tension between emotion and reason in Pride and Prejudice. Examples from the text are provided with interpretations, and relevant theoretical frameworks are referenced to situate the findings in scholarly context. The study thus offers insight into how a single lexical item – “heart” – operates on multiple stylistic levels to enrich literary meaning in Austen’s novel.
SPELLING OF WORDS WITH THE LETTER COMBINATION OU AND THE FORMS –ILLE, – EILLE
This article provides a scientific analysis of the spelling features of the ou letter combination as well as units ending in –ille and –eille found in loanwords used in the Uzbek language. The study is based on the current Uzbek spelling rules, explanatory dictionaries, and written language materials. The results show that the spelling of these words mainly relies on adaptation to pronunciation and the phonetic laws of the Uzbek language. The article has practical significance in improving students’ literacy and strengthening spelling norms
DIDACTIC CONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPING PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL INTELLIGENCE
This article explores how teacher-education programs can strengthen prospective teachers’ pedagogical intelligence—the ability to think reflectively, manage emotions, and make adaptive instructional decisions in real classrooms—by clarifying which didactic conditions most consistently support its development. A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA-style screening and thematic synthesis. Peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2025 were searched in Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC (via ProQuest), PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, and 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis identified five recurring conditions. First, social-emotional competence training supports well-being and classroom efficacy. Second, practice-based pedagogy helps candidates connect theory to core teaching practices and pedagogical reasoning. Third, structured feedback and mentoring strengthen self-regulated professional growth. Fourth, video-based learning develops professional vision by improving noticing, interpretation, and evidence-based discussion of classroom events. Finally, emerging work on AI highlights the need for ethical, humancentered judgment in technology-supported teaching. Taken together, the findings suggest that pedagogical intelligence grows most effectively when programs align coursework, practicum experiences, and guided reflection into a coherent developmental pathway. Future research should test integrated models longitudinally across diverse contexts and refine shared measures of pedagogical intelligence
METAPHYSICAL TRADITIONS IN MODERN POETRY
This article explores the continuity and transformation of metaphysical traditions in modern poetry through qualitative literary analysis. Using classical metaphysical poetry as a conceptual foundation, the study examines how modern poets adapt philosophical inquiry, complex metaphor, and introspective subjectivity to contemporary contexts. The findings show that although modern poetry moves away from theological certainty, it maintains a strong engagement with existential questions of being, identity, time, and meaning. Metaphysical elements are reconfigured through symbolic imagery and internalized reflection, demonstrating the enduring relevance of metaphysical thought as an evolving poetic mode within modern literary discourse.
ANTHROPONYMS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: LINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF ASSESSING ETHNICITY THROUGH NAMES
This article systematically analyzes the relationship between anthroponymy and national identity from a linguistic point of view, how ethnicity and national identity are reflected in the name, highlighting the interaction of Turkic, Persian-Tajik, Slavic and Arabic theophoric layers, writing traditions and formalization practices, as well as examining the possibility of transethnicity and error. The article presents etymological analysis, sociolinguistic observations and statistical standards as a methodological basis, and gives examples of Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Russian-Slavic anthroponyms as examples.
LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
In this article is discussed opinions about phraseology, the origin of phraseology, phraseogical unities and phraseological fusions. It is also focused on semantic and structure of phraseological units.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF "YOUTH"
This article analyzes the role of social factors in the formation of the image of youth. Based on Uzbek folk proverbs and phraseological units, the social, spiritual and cultural aspects of youth are highlighted. It is shown that the upbringing of youth, their desire for knowledge, morality and their place in society are closely related to social factors.
PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF RHETORICAL INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Rhetorical interrogatives are a vital tool in both English and Uzbek for conveying nuanced meanings beyond literal interpretation. This article examines the pragmatic characteristics of rhetorical questions in both languages, highlighting how cultural, social, and linguistic contexts shape their use. The study identifies similarities and differences in form, function, and communicative effects of rhetorical interrogatives, emphasizing the role of intonation, discourse strategies, and pragmatic markers in effective communication. The findings contribute to cross-linguistic understanding and language teaching.
LANGUAGE OF CHARACTERS IN SERGEI YESENIN’S WORKS
The article examines the role of character speech in Sergei Yesenin’s literary works and its impact on narrative realism, character development, and cultural expression. By analyzing Yesenin’s prose and poetry, the study explores the use of colloquial language, dialects, and register variation in constructing distinct voices. Findings indicate that speech stylization enhances reader perception of social identity, emotional depth, and psychological nuance. The study underscores the importance of character language in literary analysis and its role in reflecting Russian rural and folk traditions. The research also highlights implications for teaching Russian literature and for understanding early 20th-century literary trends.
THE PLACE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE TURKISTAN JADIDS IN THE PROCESS OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
This article discusses the educational activities of the Jadids of Turkestan and the role of these movements in the national development of Uzbekistan, as well as the role of the Jadids in increasing literacy in the rise of the people, the ideas of science and freedom are revealed in their works and through new methods of schools. It talks about the true devotees who even sacrificed their lives to show how necessary science is in awakening the nation
SCAFFOLDING AS A WAY TO DIFFERENTIATE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONS
This paper explores scaffolding as an effective approach to differentiate instruction in language education. It examines the theoretical foundations of scaffolding based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development and integrates findings from recent studies to highlight its relevance in contemporary classrooms. The discussion transitions from theory to practice by presenting design strategies and practical implications for implementing scaffolding to support diverse learners. The paper emphasizes how calibrated assistance and gradual release of responsibility can enhance language acquisition, promote learner autonomy, and make challenging content accessible to all students
LEXICAL EXPRESSION OF GENDER IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
This article provides a theoretical analysis of the lexical expression of gender in the English language, the reasons for the persistence of gender inequality in language, and the extent of usage of feminine terms. It examines how grammatical gender, referring to both animate and inanimate entities, is expressed in English through actual linguistic examples.
THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE TURKESTAN JADIDS IN THE PROCESS OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS
This article explores the historical development, theoretical foundations, and applied dimensions of contrastive linguistics. It analyzes the relationship between contrastive and comparative linguistics, discusses macro- and micro-contrastive approaches, and highlights the distinction between theoretical and applied contrastive studies. The importance of contrastive linguistics in language teaching, translation studies, and intercultural communication is emphasized.
ON THE MANUSCRIPT COPIES AND PUBLICATION OF MIFTAḤ AL-ADL
This study explores the manuscript tradition and modern publication history of Miftaḥ al-Adl, a significant work in Islamic jurisprudence and theology. It examines the extant manuscript copies, their geographical distribution, paleographic features, and textual variations. The research also addresses the editorial practices applied in the preparation of printed editions, highlighting critical issues such as transcription accuracy, commentary inclusion, and the preservation of the author’s original intent. By analyzing the historical transmission of Miftaḥ al-Adl, the study contributes to the broader understanding of Islamic scholarly heritage, manuscript preservation, and the challenges of modern publication of classical Islamic texts.
Muhammadsoliyev Sayfulloxon Hidayatilla o‘g‘li
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TONI MORRISON’S VOICE IN EXPANDING AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERTURE
This paper examines the significance of Toni Morrison’s narrative voice in expanding the scope and direction of African American literature. It argues that Morrison not only enriches the tradition through her representation of Black memory, identity, and community, but also reshapes its literary possibilities through innovative narrative forms. Drawing on close textual analysis of selected novels, including “Beloved”, “Song of Solomon”, and “The Bluest Eye” the study explores how Morrison reclaims silenced histories, integrates oral storytelling traditions, and constructs a language that reflects the emotional and cultural realities of African American life. Nowadays, her works still continues to influence contemporary writers and remains essential for understanding the evolving landscape of Black literary expression.
METAPHORICAL MODELING IN SPANISH SLANG: FROM COGNITIVE STRUCTURES TO LINGUISTIC REALIZATIONS
This study investigates cognitive mechanisms underlying metaphorical processes in Spanish slang through conceptual metaphor theory. Drawing on Lakoff and Johnson’s framework, this research examines how abstract concepts in colloquial Spanish are systematically structured through metaphorical mappings from concrete experiential domains. The analysis reveals that Spanish slang demonstrates rich metaphorical productivity across several source domains, including anthropomorphic conceptualizations, zoomorphic projections, spatial orientations, and gastronomic metaphors reflecting cultural-linguistic patterns. Through corpus analysis of contemporary Spanish slang expressions, this study identifies recurrent metaphorical models demonstrating how embodied cognition principles manifest in informal language varieties. The findings indicate that metaphorical modeling serves multiple pragmatic functions including expressiveness, euphemism, group identification, and creative language play, while revealing culture-specific patterns that distinguish Spanish from other languages
CONFORMITY AND INDIVIDUALISM IN EASTERN AND WESTERN SOCITIES: A COMPARATIVE LITERARY ANALYSIS OF “O`TKAN KUNLAR” (BYGONE DAYS) AND “THE MOON AND SIXPENSE”
This article demonstrates a comparative literary analysis of the conceptualizations of conformity and individualism in Eastern and Western civilizations through the writings “O`tkan kunlar” (Bygone Days) by Abdulla Qodiriy and Somerset Maugham`s “The Mooon and Sixpence”. Using traditional sociology and literary hermeneutics, the research investigates how each authors constructs social standards, personal freedom, and the tension between communal anticipations and individual ambitions. This study reveals cultural difference through a close reading of two 20th century novels Abdulla Qodiriy`s “O`tkan kunlar” (1926), a cornerstone of modern Uzbek literature, and “The Moon and Sixpence” (1919) by Somerset Maugham, a classic of British modernism
ADVANTAGES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This article explores the advantages of teaching foreign languages in higher education institutions. It highlights how learning foreign languages enhances students’ cognitive skills, intercultural competence, and professional opportunities. The study also examines the role of foreign language education in fostering critical thinking, global awareness, and communication abilities among students. Special attention is given to practical methods and strategies for effective language teaching, as well as the benefits for students’ personal and academic development.
LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE AT DIFFERENT AGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS USING AI-ASSISTED APPROACHES
Age plays an important role in how people learn a second language. It influences cognitive abilities, brain flexibility, motivation, and learning strategies. Younger learners are often more successful in developing natural pronunciation, while adults usually perform better in learning grammar and vocabulary through explicit instruction. This article compares second language learning in two age groups – 13-year-old adolescents and adults aged 30 and above. Drawing on the Sensitive Period Hypothesis (Long, 1990) and studies by Muñoz (2019) and Singleton & Pfenninger (2018), the paper examines differences in syntax and phonology acquisition. The analysis shows that although age affects how languages are learned, appropriate teaching methods can help learners of any age achieve high levels of proficiency.
METHODS FOR DEVELOPING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO COMPREHEND AND ANALYZE LITERARY TEXTS
This article examines effective methods for developing primary school students’ ability to comprehend and analyze literary texts. It analyzes the role of modern pedagogical approaches, interactive methods, and graphic organizers in the development of reading literacy. Special attention is given to fostering critical thinking, comparison skills, and the ability to draw conclusions while working with literary texts. The materials presented in the article are recommended for use in primary education practice.
LOCAL FEATURES OF THE “KUYOV SINAR” CEREMONY FROM WEDDING CEREMONIES OF THE TASHKENT REGION
The songs express the great power of the people's spirituality, the creator, and the unwavering will of the working masses. It calls people to spiritual vigor, courage, diligence, humanity, friendship, and loyalty. Songs, regardless of their theme and content, penetrate the human heart with perfect words, melody, and performance. Ceremonial songs are also an ancient treasure of our people, and in all periods, they have contributed to the formation of people as spiritually elevated individuals with their educational influential ideas. The genres of wedding folklore are distinguished by their diversity
SYMBOLS AND ARTISTIC IMAGERY IN LYRICAL SONGS APPEARING IN EPICS
Folk songs in dastans served to distinguish people by gender and age, to express the states, feelings, and emotional experiences of the lyrical hero. In this article, the issues of symbolism in lyrical songs, their artistic transfer, manifested in the dastan, are investigated.
DIGITAL TOOLS FOR LEARNING CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS TERMINOLOGY: EFFECTIVENESS AND ADOPTION
The rapid digitalization of higher education has significantly transformed terminology instruction in domain-specific fields, including construction economics. This study examines the effectiveness and adoption of digital tools used to teach construction economics terminology to undergraduate students. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving questionnaires, classroom observations, and an analysis of student performance before and after integrating digital platforms. The findings demonstrate that digital learning tools—particularly mobile applications, interactive glossaries, and BIM-linked terminology databases—enhance retention, contextual understanding, and autonomous learning. However, adoption is influenced by technological access, digital literacy, and perceived usefulness. The study concludes that digital tools offer substantial pedagogical advantages, provided they are systematically integrated into curriculum design
THE JADIDS’ TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE IN THE EMERGENCE OF UZBEK MASS MEDIA
This article offers a narrative reassessment of the Jadid movement’s pivotal role in shaping the early media landscape of Central Asia and establishing the foundations of modern Uzbek journalism. Drawing on open-access historical and scholarly sources, it examines how Jadid intellectuals strategically employed newspapers, journals, and print networks to advance educational reform, promote secular knowledge, and articulate emerging notions of national identity. The study highlights the Jadids’ innovative use of vernacular Turkic in print, their development of new journalistic genres, and their efforts to cultivate a reading public capable of participating in public debate. Despite facing censorship, financial limitations, and structural barriers under Russian imperial rule, their press initiatives generated an early public sphere and institutionalized media practices that influenced later Soviet and post-independence Uzbek media. By situating Jadid print culture within broader processes of modernization, the article underscores its enduring impact on the region’s intellectual and communicative development
COGNITIVE, CULTURAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS SHAPING THE TRANSLATION OF CONTEMPORARY MEDIA TEXTS
This article examines how translation in contemporary media environments is shaped by the interaction of cognitive, cultural, and technological constraints. As digital ecosystems generate increasingly multimodal and fast-paced communication, translators must navigate complex meaning structures across linguistic, visual, and platform-specific modalities. The study highlights three major domains of influence: cognitive processing limitations imposed by rapid information flow and multimodal density; cultural factors involved in framing, emotional resonance, and audience expectations; and technological constraints produced by algorithmic curation, machine translation integration, and platformdependent textual formats. Drawing on research in media studies, translation technology, and intercultural communication, the article argues that media translation today functions as an adaptive interpretive practice that requires specialized competencies beyond traditional linguistic equivalence. These include multimodal literacy, awareness of platform discourse norms, and the ability to manage accelerated translational cycles. The findings underscore the need for updated methodological models in translation studies that reflect the realities of digital media production
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF NATIONAL CONCEPTS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH PROVERBS
This article analyzes the similarities and differences of national concepts reflected in Uzbek and English proverbs. Proverbs are among the important linguistic units that express a nation’s worldview, culture, and values. The study compares shared and nationally specific features in the two nations’ thinking through concepts such as “labour,” “homeland,” “family values,” and “wisdom and intellect.” As a result, the research reveals the distinctive aspects of national spirit, attitudes toward life, values, and moral perspectives in both languages
THE TRANSFORMATION OF SHAKESPEAREAN PLOTS FOR UZBEK AUDIENCES
This article examines how the narrative structures of Shakespeare’s plays undergo transformation when adapted for Uzbek audiences. Cultural interpretation, theatrical conventions, and audience expectations influence decisions related to plot compression, character reinterpretation, and thematic emphasis. By analyzing selected Uzbek performances, the study identifies contextual substitutions, symbolic modification, and dramaturgical restructuring as key adaptation strategies. The results demonstrate that transformations do not diminish Shakespeare’s relevance; instead, they reinforce cultural accessibility and theatrical resonance within the Uzbek context