Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
type: channel
description: Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education is an international peer-reviewed journal that welcomes submissions from across the world that advance knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of linguistics and education. The journal is concerned with the role played by language and other communicative/semiotic systems in mediating opportunities for learning and participation in a globalized world. Research published in the journal engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of informal learning contexts throughout the lifespan and across modes, genres and technologies ISSN (E): 2942-190X ResearchBib IF: 10.75 SJIF 2026: 9.809
publisher: Western European Studies
language: en
publication name: Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education
issn: 2942-190X
items: PREFIXATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK
items: GENRE HYBRIDIZATION AND DRAMATIC CONFLICT IN N. TORESHOVA’S YALGANSHI: THE EMERGENCE OF THE DASTAN-DRAMA IN KARAKALPAK LITERATURE
items: ARCHITECTURAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING OF TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE USTYURT PLATEAU (9TH–14TH CENTURIES)
items: NEOLOGISMS FORMED THROUGH AFFIXATION, COMPOUNDING, AND CONVERSION IN ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE
items: NATIONAL SOCIAL WORK MODEL FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF UZBEKISTAN: THEORETICALMETHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PILOT RESULTS
items: THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZATION, LANGUAGE CONTACTS AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF BORROWED NEOLOGISMS
items: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL WORDS
items: THE ROLE OF EUPHEMISMS IN DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE IN COVERING ARMED CONFLICTS (BASED ON ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
items: MEASURING SUBSTANDARD LEXIS SHIFTS IN UZBEK RUSSIAN TRANSLATION USING ALIGNED CORPORA
items: AI SUPPORTED LINGUOCULTURAL TRAINING IN KARAKALPAK-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM
items: THE STRATEGIC POWER OF LANGUAGE IN DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS
items: VARIOUS ARTISTIC STYLES FOUND IN THE POETRY OF MAQSUD SHAYXZODA
items: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POETIC TEXT
items: STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF NOMINAL PHRASES IN MODERN ENGLISH
items: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOLKLORE AND FANTASY IN THE WORKS OF NEIL GAIMAN AND J.R.R. TOLKIEN
items: METHODS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES
items: GENDER CATEGORY IN ARABIC: CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MUZAKKAR AND MUANNAS
items: ANALYSIS OF THE SKIMMING AND SCANNING TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING THE READING SPEED OF ACADEMIC TEXTS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING ENGLISH
items: SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ARABIC NAHWID AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
items: THE LINGUISTIC REFORMS OF ABUL ASWAD AD-DUALI AND HIS FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE SCIENCE OF NAHV IN THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL ARABIC LINGUISTICS
items: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF INNER TRAUMA/SORROW IN VIRGINIA WOOLF’S “MRS. DALLOWAY” AND ABDULLA QODITIY’S “BYGONE DAYS” (O ‘TKAN KUNLAR): A COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE
items: METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE 6TH GRADE INFORMATICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TEXTBOOK)
items: COMMUNICATIVE TRANSFORMATION OF AFFIXES IN MODERN DISCOURSE (BASED ON UZBEK AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES)
items: LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CONCEPTS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
items: THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONALLY MARKED UNITS IN THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF FAMILY
items: DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH THROUGH TASK-BASED LANGUAGE
items: PERSONALIZED HINDI LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
items: LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONGUE TWISTERS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME HAIL
items: PRAGMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTENSIFIERS IN YOUTH SPEECH
items: SOCIOLINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL SPEECH COMMUNITIES

PREFIXATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK
type: item
description: This article examines the position of prefixation within the system of wordformation and the boundaries that separate it from suffixation, compounding, conversion, parasynthesis and shortening-based processes. The study is contrastive. English supplies the primary data; Russian and Uzbek supply typological control at the two poles of a scale, since Russian prefixation is highly productive while Uzbek has no inherited prefixes at all. Four diagnostics are applied at every boundary: linear position, category-changing capacity, phonological integration and productivity. The analysis shows that prefixation is not a discrete category but the stable end point of a diachronic cline that starts with free lexical items and passes through an intermediate prefixoid stage. The Uzbek evidence is decisive on this point: every element described as a prefix in Uzbek grammars (be-, no-, ser-, ba-, ham-) entered the language through contact with Persian, and later through Russian, and only afterwards began to attach to native stems. A second finding concerns division of labour. Where a language possesses both a prefixal and a suffixal exponent of one function, the two do not remain synonymous; Uzbek bepul and pulsiz, both formed on pul 'money', have specialised in opposite directions. The article concludes that a gradient model with weighted criteria describes the data better than a binary affix versus non-affix opposition, and it notes the consequences of this conclusion for dictionary practice and for teaching English word-formation to Uzbek-speaking learners
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prefixation
  topic: keywords
subject: word-formation
  topic: keywords
subject: derivational morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: prefixoid
  topic: keywords
creator: Narzullayeva Muborak Sherzod qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 133
ending page: 141

GENRE HYBRIDIZATION AND DRAMATIC CONFLICT IN N. TORESHOVA’S YALGANSHI: THE EMERGENCE OF THE DASTAN-DRAMA IN KARAKALPAK LITERATURE
type: item
description: This study analyzes the genre-stylistic innovation represented by Nasiyba Toreshova’s Yalganshi (The Deceiver), a work that introduced the hybrid genre of the dastan-drama into contemporary Karakalpak lyro-epic poetry. Positioned at the intersection of traditional oral epic narrative (dastan) and theatrical stage performance (drama), the work utilizes dialogue, polylogue, authorial commentary, and tri-temporal historical perspectives to address moral corruption, artistic freedom, and spiritual integrity. Focusing on the central conflict between the idealist poet Ahmed, his pious wife Aliyma, and corrupt literary bureaucrats, this paper examines how Toreshova synthesized folkloric motifs—including divine visions (ayan), hyperbolic characterizations, and Islamic ethical doctrines—with modern social realism. The analysis demonstrates that the dastan-drama structure provides a highly effective artistic mechanism for processing complex socio-political transitions in post-independence Central Asian literature
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Karakalpak literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Nasiyba Toreshova
  topic: keywords
subject: Yalganshi
  topic: keywords
creator: Turdibaev Konakbay
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 195
ending page: 198

ARCHITECTURAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING OF TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE USTYURT PLATEAU (9TH–14TH CENTURIES)
type: item
description: This study provides a comprehensive architectural-archaeological and hydraulic analysis of the medieval transit infrastructure preserved across the Ustyurt Plateau between the 9th and 14th centuries CE. Focusing on caravanserais, fortified outposts, watchtowers (ding), engineered wells (quduq), subterranean cisterns (sardoba), and communal hunting complexes (aran and baylama), this paper demonstrates how human communities engineered a durable built environment within a hyper-arid plateau environment. Moving beyond descriptive site surveys, the research analyzes the structural adaptation of limestone masonry, spatial positioning along seasonal drainage basins (takyr), and the functional synergy between trade logistics and pastoral resource management. The findings establish that trans-Ustyurt communications relied upon an institutionalized, highly sophisticated engineering network that sustained transEurasian trade routes connecting Khwarezm with the Volga region and the Caspian littoral
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ustyurt Plateau
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural archaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: hydraulic engineering
  topic: keywords
creator: Esimkan Kanaatov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 191
ending page: 194

NEOLOGISMS FORMED THROUGH AFFIXATION, COMPOUNDING, AND CONVERSION IN ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE
type: item
description: The article examines neologisms formed through affixation, compounding, and conversion in English educational discourse. It identifies the structural and semantic features of new units naming educational processes, pedagogical activities, learning technologies, assessment practices, management systems, and participants in education. Descriptive, structural-semantic, word-formation, contextual, and corpus-assisted methods are applied. Particular attention is paid to productive prefixes and suffixes, compound formations, and noun-to-verb conversion. The analysis indicates that compounding is especially active in naming technologies and management concepts, whereas affixation and conversion support the formation of process, participant, and action names
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Educational discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: neologism
  topic: keywords
subject: affixation
  topic: keywords
creator: Guzal Khursanovna Turaeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 126
ending page: 132

NATIONAL SOCIAL WORK MODEL FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF UZBEKISTAN: THEORETICALMETHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PILOT RESULTS
type: item
description: The article analyzes the theoretical, legal and institutional foundations for shaping a national social work model for working with children with deviant behavior in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate a child- and family-centered model that unites prevention, early intervention, rehabilitation and monitoring within a single case-management system. Within a mixed-methods framework, the study draws on content analysis of normative-legal documents and scientific sources, a comparative study of international experience, a questionnaire survey (n=550), in-depth interviews (n=80), and the results of pilot monitoring carried out in five territorial units. The analysis showed the need to strengthen inter-agency information exchange, early identification, family services and outcome-evaluation mechanisms within the current system. The proposed model is based on coordinated cooperation among "child–family–school–mahalla–Inson Center–territorial agencies." Pilot indicators show a downward trend in deviant behavior and school truancy cases, alongside an upward trend in help-seeking for psychological support, parental involvement, social activity and academic performance. The scientific novelty of the article lies in proposing a four-stage model that integrates national institutions with modern social work technologies, together with evaluation indicators and implementation mechanisms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: deviant behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: child
  topic: keywords
subject: social work
  topic: keywords
subject: case management
  topic: keywords
creator: Salimboyeva Farangiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 115
ending page: 125

THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZATION, LANGUAGE CONTACTS AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE FORMATION OF BORROWED NEOLOGISMS
type: item
description: This article examines the role of globalization, language contacts and international communication in the formation of borrowed neologisms in German and Uzbek. The study shows that new lexical units emerge under the influence of technological development, business, education, migration, digital media and mass culture. Special attention is paid to English as a major donor language and to the different ways in which borrowings are adapted in German and Uzbek. The article also discusses nominative need, discourse activity, frequency of use and normative adaptation as key factors in the stabilization of borrowed neologisms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: language contacts
  topic: keywords
subject: international communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Jovliyeva Laylo Farkhod qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 110
ending page: 114

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL WORDS
type: item
description: In the history of world linguistics, the study of exclamatory, imitative and modal words has its own historical stages. In all periods, much attention was paid to their semantics, contextual meaning, etymology, language typology, methodological functions, their place in the text. Exclamatory and imitative words are sometimes confused systematically and structurally due to the fact that they arise as a result of the impact of sounds and images in nature. But these are separate categories, and the main difference lies in their semantic nature, grammatical basis and independent syntactic function in a sentence. In the article, we analyze the linguistic and speech progress of exclamation words in the Uzbek language using examples from the work of Mahmoud Kashgari “Devonul lugotut turk”
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: exclamation word
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic unit
  topic: keywords
subject: speech
  topic: keywords
subject: imitative word
  topic: keywords
creator: I.S. Kaxarova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 235
ending page: 238

THE ROLE OF EUPHEMISMS IN DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE IN COVERING ARMED CONFLICTS (BASED ON ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
type: item
description: Diplomatic discourse represents an institutional type of communication which is characterized by a high degree of formality, neutrality, and adherence to protocol norms. One of its key linguistic tools is euphemization. The research materials consisted of official statements by state officials, documents of diplomatic agencies, and international organizations. The study employed methods of comparative, semantic, contextual, and discourse analysis. The results of the research show that diplomatic euphemisms perform not only the function of moderating an utterance but also serve as an effective tool of political communication, both influencing the interpretation of international events and the formation of public opinion. A comparative analysis based on two different languages revealed both universal models of euphemization, which is determined by the norms of diplomatic communication, and nationally and culturally specific features of their functioning in English and Russian.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: contextual
  topic: keywords
subject: euphemization
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative
  topic: keywords
creator: Inamov Islom Akbarovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 104
ending page: 109

MEASURING SUBSTANDARD LEXIS SHIFTS IN UZBEK RUSSIAN TRANSLATION USING ALIGNED CORPORA
type: item
description: The paper measures how substandard lexis (argot, jargon, colloquial and vulgar items) changes when Tahir Malik's novel Shaytanat moves from Uzbek into Russian. A sentence-aligned parallel corpus of the novel and its 2016 Russian edition supplies the data. Every substandard token receives a shift label, after which the distribution across five categories, namely neutralisation, register shift, compensation, explicitation and omission, is counted. Neutralisation prevails, which supports Toury's law of growing standardisation for this low-resource pair. Criminal argot resists neutralisation more than colloquial items, because Russian offers ready equivalents inherited from a shared Soviet-era substandard stock
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: corpus-based translation studies
  topic: keywords
subject: substandard lexis
  topic: keywords
subject: translation shifts
  topic: keywords
creator: Makhmudova Yulduz Askarovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 96
ending page: 103

AI SUPPORTED LINGUOCULTURAL TRAINING IN KARAKALPAK-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM
type: item
description: This study explores the development of linguocultural competence among first-year nonphilological students studying Russian as a foreign language in a Karakalpak-Russian bilingual context. The research is grounded in the premise that effective language acquisition requires not only linguistic knowledge but also an understanding of cultural meanings embedded in communication. A mixed methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study involved pre- and post- testing, questionnaires, classroom observations, and an experimental teaching intervention. The instructional model incorporated linguoculturally oriented tasks, authentic materials, comparative cultural analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) supported tools to enhance personalized learning and feedback. The results demonstrate statistically significant improvements in students’ linguocultural competence, including vocabulary acquisition, pragmatic usage, and interpretation of culturally marked language units. The experimental group outperformed the control group, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. In addition, a reduction in negative language transfer was observed, indicating improved differentiation between linguistic systems in a bilingual environment
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: linguocultural competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Russian as a foreign language
  topic: keywords
subject: bilingualism
  topic: keywords
creator: Kaypanova E
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 90
ending page: 95

THE STRATEGIC POWER OF LANGUAGE IN DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS
type: item
description: Realist scholars say that material power - the size of a country's army or economy – have strong effect on global stage as well as decides the outcomes of diplomatic negotiations. In this view, language is seemed just decoration, however this paper argues that language is not decoration, it is an important factor on its own and plays a crucial role to solve problems or come to compromise. The paper uses Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) to compare three historical cases: the talks before Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the letters between Kennedy and Khrushchev during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, and the negotiations that produced the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement (JCPOA). The comparison shows that unclear, vague language made the Iraq-Kuwait crisis more dangerous wheras in the other two cases, careful and flexible language helped the sides reach an agreement. The paper ends with practical lessons for diplomats and is honest about the limits of a study based on only three cases
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diplomatic communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication Accommodation Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: crisis de-escalation
  topic: keywords
creator: Maqsuda Uzoqova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 83
ending page: 89

VARIOUS ARTISTIC STYLES FOUND IN THE POETRY OF MAQSUD SHAYXZODA
type: item
description: This article discusses the use of synonyms in the works of Maqsud Shayxzoda representing various artistic styles and literary trends, as well as their role in creating poetic imagery. Particular attention is paid to the linguopoetic features of Shayxzoda’s poetry, highlighting the semantic, stylistic, and expressive functions of synonymous lexical units. The paper also presents several observations on the distinctive artistic characteristics found in the poet’s works.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: synonyms
  topic: keywords
subject: linguopoetic features
  topic: keywords
subject: polysemy
  topic: keywords
subject: lexeme
  topic: keywords
subject: lexical and contextual synonyms
  topic: keywords
creator: Maxanova Feruza Mamarajabovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 239
ending page: 243

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POETIC TEXT
type: item
description: This article explores the concepts, distinguishing patterns, requirements, and conventions of poetic text. Poetic composition has a unique style that distinguishes it from other discourse registers. The study clearly distinguishes between numerous speech patterns, including the language of journalism, television, fiction, and conversational speech. Stylistics is at the heart of linguistics; it improves the aesthetic and artistic quality of speech while revealing the figurative language and artistic-linguistic essence of linguopoetic texts. Furthermore, the article gives a thorough examination of the fundamental elements of poetic discourse, such as rhythm, rhyme, meter, and intonation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: meter
  topic: keywords
subject: rhyme
  topic: keywords
subject: intonation
  topic: keywords
subject: rhythm
  topic: keywords
creator: Gofurova Nazokat Komiljonovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 190
ending page: 197

STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF NOMINAL PHRASES IN MODERN ENGLISH
type: item
description: This article investigates the structural, semantic and functional representations of nominal phrases in the English language. A nominal phrase is one of the central syntactic units in English grammar because it performs various functions in sentence structure, such as subject, object, complement, modifier and prepositional complement. The study focuses on the internal organization of nominal phrases, their grammatical components, semantic features and communicative roles in different contexts. Special attention is paid to the head noun, determiners, premodifiers, postmodifiers, genitive constructions, appositive structures and complex nominal groups. The article also discusses how nominal phrases contribute to reference, information packaging, cohesion and academic style. The analysis shows that nominal phrases in English are not merely combinations of nouns and modifiers, but complex linguistic structures that represent objects, concepts, events, qualities and abstract relations. The research is based on descriptive, structural-semantic and functional methods. The findings may be useful for English grammar studies, syntax analysis, translation practice and academic writing
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: nominal phrase
  topic: keywords
subject: noun phrase
  topic: keywords
subject: English syntax
  topic: keywords
creator: Jurakulova Feruza Sanjar qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 201
ending page: 207

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOLKLORE AND FANTASY IN THE WORKS OF NEIL GAIMAN AND J.R.R. TOLKIEN
type: item
description: This article examines the relationship between folklore and fantasy in the literary works of Neil Gaiman and J.R.R. Tolkien, focusing particularly on American Gods and The Hobbit. The study explores how traditional myths, legends, and folkloric motifs are transformed into modern fantasy narratives. Using a comparative literary analysis within the IMRaD structure, the article investigates the similarities and differences between Tolkien’s classical fantasy approach and Gaiman’s contemporary reinterpretation of mythological traditions. The research identifies the role of folklore in shaping fictional worlds, characters, symbolism, and cultural identity. Furthermore, the article highlights the influence of mythology on narrative structure and thematic development. The findings demonstrate that both authors successfully preserve folkloric heritage while adapting it to the literary expectations of different historical periods and audiences
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Folklore
  topic: keywords
subject: Fantasy Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Neil Gaiman
  topic: keywords
creator: Nordic international university
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 48
ending page: 55

METHODS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSES
type: item
description: Speaking is one of the most complex skills in English language learning because it requires learners to combine vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, fluency, interactional strategy and confidence in real time. This article analyses effective methods for developing students’ oral speech skills in English classes at university level. The study is based on a review of CEFR-oriented speaking descriptors, British Council teaching resources and a model quasiexperimental classroom dataset involving interactive speaking methods. The proposed intervention includes role-play, information-gap activities, small-group discussion, debate, presentations, interviews, peer feedback and digital speaking practice. Statistical comparison of a model experimental group and a control group shows that systematic use of interactive methods can substantially improve speaking performance, especially fluency, interaction and confidence. The article provides tables, diagrams, a speaking assessment rubric and an implementation model that can be adapted for English language classes in higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Speaking skills
  topic: keywords
subject: English language teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative competence
  topic: keywords
creator: Makhsudova Gulsora Mirkhomidovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 70
ending page: 82

GENDER CATEGORY IN ARABIC: CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MUZAKKAR AND MUANNAS
type: item
description: This article examines one of the important grammatical categories of the Arabic language: the gender category.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arabic language
  topic: keywords
subject: gender category
  topic: keywords
subject: masculine
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergashev Zoxidjon Xamidulla o‘g‘li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 186
ending page: 190

ANALYSIS OF THE SKIMMING AND SCANNING TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING THE READING SPEED OF ACADEMIC TEXTS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING ENGLISH
type: item
description: As we all know, education and technology are developing rapidly day by day.One of the main pillars of developing education is language learning. At present, the demand for learning English in our country is growing significantly.The language learning process includes areas such as reading, speaking, listening, and writing, and these methods provide the foundation for learning the language more deeply and thoroughly.This article discusses the differences and advantages of the Skimming and Scanning techniques in the process of learning to read.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: effective reading
  topic: keywords
subject: easy assimilation
  topic: keywords
subject: time management
  topic: keywords
creator: Bozorboyeva Marjona Jumaboyovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 182
ending page: 185

SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ARABIC NAHWID AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
type: item
description: This article provides a comparative analysis of sentence (jumla) structure in Arabic grammar and sentence construction in Uzbek. In Arabic, a sentence is divided into two main types.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sentence
  topic: keywords
subject: nominal sentence
  topic: keywords
subject: verbal sentence
  topic: keywords
subject: subject
  topic: keywords
creator: Abduvahobov Shahzodbek Ravshanbek o‘g‘li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 176
ending page: 181

THE LINGUISTIC REFORMS OF ABUL ASWAD AD-DUALI AND HIS FUNDAMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE SCIENCE OF NAHV IN THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL ARABIC LINGUISTICS
type: item
description: This scientific research article presents an in-depth analysis of the life and the sociopolitical and scholarly activity of Abul Aswad ad-Duali, the great thinker and scholar who laid the foundation of classical Arabic linguistics. Drawing on historical sources, the article examines the reforms carried out by the scholar to prevent the linguistic deformations that arose as a result of the expansion of the Islamic Caliphate, in particular the problem of ‘lahn’ (grammatical errors). The article provides a detailed analysis of Abul Aswad ad-Duali’s fundamental contributions to the systematization of Arabic grammar (the science of Nahv): the rules for dividing speech into the categories of noun, verb, and particle, the introduction of the i‘rab (syntactic flexion) system, his discovery of a phonetic-diacritical system using colored dots, and the initial structural foundations of the amil-ma’mul theory. The study also reveals the methodological significance of the principles laid down by the scholar for the formation of the Basra and Kufa schools of Nahv.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The science of Nahv
  topic: keywords
subject: history of Arabic linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: the Basra school
  topic: keywords
creator: Gʻayratov Shaxzodbek Otabek oʻgʻli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 170
ending page: 175

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF INNER TRAUMA/SORROW IN VIRGINIA WOOLF’S “MRS. DALLOWAY” AND ABDULLA QODITIY’S “BYGONE DAYS” (O ‘TKAN KUNLAR): A COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE
type: item
description: This study provides a comparative linguo-cognitive analysis of the conceptualization of inner trauma and sorrow in Virginia Woolf’s modernist masterpiece “Mrs. Dalloway” and Abdulla Qodiriy’s foundational Uzbek novel “Bygone Days” (O‘tkan Kunlar). Operating within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff &Johnson,1980) and Emotion Kognition (Kovecses, 2000), the paper investigates how two distinct cultural paradigmsWestern modernism and Eastern-Islamic realism-map complex human emotions onto linguistic structures. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of textual data extracted from both novels, the research identifies the dominant source domains used to express psychological turmoil. Preliminary findings suggest that while Woolf heavily relies on somatic, mechanical, and meteorological source domains (e.g., sorrow as a cold wave or a sharp edge) to mirror the fragmented “stream of consciousness”, Qodiriy employs traditional macro–metaphors deeply rooted in Eastern poetic discourse (e.g, grief as fire or captivity within the heart).The paper concludes that these linguo-cognitive variations are not merely stylistic choices but are profoundly shaped by the distinct cognitive worldviews and cultural frameworks of the twentieth-century English and Uzbek socities
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cognitive Linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Conceptual Metaphor
  topic: keywords
subject: Virginia Woolf
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabiyeva Sharifa Ismailovna
creator: Sharofiddinova Nargiza Azamat qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 61
ending page: 69

METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE 6TH GRADE INFORMATICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TEXTBOOK)
type: item
description: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has transformed various aspects of human life, including educational practices. The integration of AI into school education creates new opportunities for improving teaching effectiveness, promoting personalized learning, and developing students' digital competencies. This study aims to develop a methodology for teaching general secondary school students using artificial intelligence technologies based on the content of the 6th Grade Informatics and Information Technologies textbook. The research analyzes the pedagogical potential of AI tools in enhancing students' learning experiences and examines ways to integrate these technologies into classroom instruction while considering learners' cognitive and psychological characteristics. The study employs theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, pedagogical modeling, and observation methods. The findings indicate that the effective use of AI technologies contributes to the development of digital literacy, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving skills among students. Furthermore, AI-supported learning environments increase students' motivation and engagement while supporting individualized instruction. The proposed methodology may serve as a practical framework for Informatics teachers seeking to implement AI technologies in general secondary education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: AI in education
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: personalized learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Pardayeva Dilfuza Najmiddin Qizi
creator: Karimova Zilola Botirovna
creator: Niyazov Feruz Xushboqovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 56
ending page: 60

COMMUNICATIVE TRANSFORMATION OF AFFIXES IN MODERN DISCOURSE (BASED ON UZBEK AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES)
type: item
description: This article analyzes the communicative transformation of affixes in modern discourse in the Uzbek and Kazakh languages from linguistic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic perspectives. The study focuses on the expansion of affixes’ functional potential under the influence of digital communication, social networks, and informal speech. In contemporary discourse, affixes are examined not only as morphological units but also as multifunctional linguistic tools that express emotional intensity, pragmatic meaning, irony, evaluation, and communicative proximity. The comparative analysis reveals how cultural, ethnolinguistic, and speech etiquette factors influence the discursive transformation of affixes in both languages. The findings demonstrate that affixes function as dynamic and context-dependent units that play an important role in shaping modern communicative strategies
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: affix
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: pragmatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Nursulton Shaykhislamov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-09-09
publication date: 2024-09-09
starting page: 71
ending page: 74

LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CONCEPTS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
type: item
description: The study of cultural concepts occupies a central position in contemporary cognitive linguistics, as concepts serve as fundamental units through which individuals perceive, categorize, and interpret reality. In Uzbek linguistics, cultural concepts represent important cognitive structures that reflect the historical experience, social values, traditions, and worldview of the Uzbek people. This research investigates the cognitive representation of cultural concepts in Uzbek linguistics and examines the linguistic mechanisms through which cultural knowledge is conceptualized and transmitted. Particular attention is given to culturally significant concepts such as homeland, family, hospitality, respect, honor, and spirituality, which constitute essential components of the Uzbek conceptual system. The study analyzes the semantic, cognitive, and cultural dimensions of these concepts as reflected in lexical units, phraseological expressions, proverbs, and literary texts. Employing cognitive and linguocultural approaches, the research reveals how language functions as a repository of collective cultural memory and a medium for preserving national identity. The findings demonstrate that cultural concepts are not merely linguistic phenomena but complex mental structures that shape the conceptual worldview of Uzbek speakers and contribute to the continuity of cultural traditions across generations
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cognitive linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural concepts
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbek linguistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ochilova Marjona Olimjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 46
ending page: 55

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONALLY MARKED UNITS IN THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF FAMILY
type: item
description: In anthropolinguistic research, linguistic phenomena reveal their particular features on the basis of universality, while their universal properties emerge through particularity. For this reason, the study of linguistic units increasingly requires these phenomena to be reassessed at the levels of both language and speech. In fact, such issues had already attracted scholarly attention at the theoretical stage of linguistic inquiry and began to be examined from various perspectives [1]. Within the relationship between pragmalinguistics and text, the phenomena of syllogism and moderation in linguistics are likewise manifested in interrelated ways [2]. Syllogism (from Greek syllogismos, meaning "inference") is one of the oldest and most complete forms of logical reasoning, whereby a third, new conclusion is derived from two propositions (judgments).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: propositions
  topic: keywords
subject: conclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: oldest
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazarova Dilrabo Ne'matjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 39
ending page: 45

DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH THROUGH TASK-BASED LANGUAGE
type: item
description: The development of communicative competence has become one of the primary objectives of English language teaching in modern education. Traditional language teaching methods often emphasize grammatical accuracy and vocabulary memorization, which may not adequately prepare learners for real-life communication. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) has emerged as an effective approach that focuses on meaningful language use through authentic tasks. This article explores the role of TBLT in developing learners’ communicative competence, discusses its theoretical foundations, key principles, and practical applications, and highlights its benefits and challenges in English language classrooms
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: communicative competence
  topic: keywords
subject: English language teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Task-Based Language Teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Shafoatova Nargiza Khalimjon kizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 35
ending page: 38

PERSONALIZED HINDI LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
type: item
description: This article explores the paradigm shift in language pedagogy by investigating personalized Hindi language learning through Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. Utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP), Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), and automatic speech recognition (ASR), AI addresses the unique challenges of Hindi, such as the Devanagari script, phonetics, and complex grammar syntax. The study evaluates how adaptive learning algorithms tailor educational materials based on individual learner proficiency, cognitive speed, and retention styles. The findings indicate that AI-driven personalization enhances communicative competence, reduces user anxiety, and increases long-term retention compared to traditional one-size-fits-all frameworks
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Hindi Language
  topic: keywords
subject: Personalized Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Yormatova Aziza Voxidillayevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 28
ending page: 34

LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONGUE TWISTERS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME HAIL
type: item
description: This article investigates the linguocultural characteristics of tongue twisters formed on the basis of the lexeme hail. As a meteorological phenomenon, hail is characterized by suddenness, intensity, and distinctive acoustic and visual effects when it strikes surfaces. In oral folklore, tongue twisters based on this lexeme reflect not only phonetic and articulatory complexity but also cultural perceptions, symbolic meanings, and cognitive associations connected with nature. The study examines the phonetic, semantic, cognitive, and cultural dimensions of hail-based tongue twisters and demonstrates their role in enhancing linguistic competence and preserving cultural worldview.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Linguoculturology
  topic: keywords
subject: tongue twister
  topic: keywords
subject: hail
  topic: keywords
subject: lexeme
  topic: keywords
creator: Kosimov Botir Saidvali ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 25
ending page: 27

PRAGMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTENSIFIERS IN YOUTH SPEECH
type: item
description: This paper examines the pragmatic function of intensifiers within contemporary youth discourse, moving beyond their traditional role as mere degree modifiers. It explores how young speakers apply these linguistic elements to negotiate social identity, project subjectivity, and enhance the emotional intensity of their interactions. By analyzing both spoken and digital language patterns, the research highlights how youth serve as catalysts for linguistic evolution, continuously adapting intensifiers to meet the expressive demands of peer-group communication. The findings suggest that the usage of intensifiers is driven by social context, group affiliation, and a pursuit of lexical creativity. Ultimately, this paper underlines the role of intensifiers as essential pragmatic tools that reflect the dynamic, creative adolescent communication in the modern digital age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intensifiers
  topic: keywords
subject: youth speech
  topic: keywords
subject: pragmatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Qodirova Kholidakhon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 19
ending page: 24

SOCIOLINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL SPEECH COMMUNITIES
type: item
description: This article investigates the sociolinguistic motivations and pragmatic functions of code-switching within bilingual speech communities. Code-switching, the systematic alternating between two or more languages within a single conversation, is analyzed not as a sign of linguistic deficiency, but as a deliberate communicative strategy. By examining the linguistic behavior of bilingual speakers, this study explores how social context, participant relationships, and psychological factors influence language choice. The findings demonstrate that code-switching serves critical interpersonal functions, including identity construction, emphasis, and the signaling of group solidarity, highlighting the complex interplay between language and social structure
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sociolinguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: code-switching
  topic: keywords
subject: bilingualism
  topic: keywords
subject: pragmatic function
  topic: keywords
creator: Muattar Temirova Amirkul kizi
creator: Nabijon Turdiyev Isomiddin ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 232
ending page: 234