Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science
Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science is focused on specialized clinical research activities related to the health problems of human. Special emphasis is placed on the application of medical science to improve the healthcare of underserved populations. The Journal has the following objectives: (1) to expand the base of original peer-reviewed literature and the quality of that research on the topic of human health; (2) to provide greater dissemination of this research; (3) to offer appropriate and timely recognition of the significant contributions of physicians who serve these populations; and (4) to promote engagement by online publication of this research. ISSN (E): 2942-1918 ResearchBib IF: 9.995 SJIF: 5.207
This article examines the significance of Laser beams in modern medicine, their physical properties, mechanisms of interaction with biological tissues, and major clinical applications. The study analyzes the effectiveness of laser technologies in surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry, oncology, physiotherapy, and diagnostics. The results indicate that laser-based methods differ from conventional treatment approaches due to their high precision, minimal invasiveness, reduced blood loss, and shorter recovery periods. At the same time, the high cost of laser equipment and the need for specially trained personnel remain important limitations
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BLOOD VISCOSITY AND ITS BIOPHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article scientifically analyzes blood viscosity, its physical nature, its role in hemodynamic processes in the body, and its clinical significance. Blood viscosity is the property of blood to resist flow, and it directly affects the functioning of the cardiovascular system, microcirculation, oxygen supply to tissues, and metabolic processes. The article highlights the main factors influencing blood viscosity, including hematocrit level, plasma proteins, erythrocyte deformability, temperature, and pathological conditions. In addition, the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of increased or decreased blood viscosity are discussed
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING FUNCTION ALTERATIONS AND SURDOLOGICAL STRATEGIES IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
This article is dedicated to the comprehensive investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic principles of sensorineural hearing loss that develops against the background of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Significant emphasis is placed on the profound impact of diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy on the cochlear apparatus and central auditory pathways. Furthermore, the study meticulously examines the specific alterations observed in the results of pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and tympanometry. The paper also provides a scientifically grounded analysis of the complexities involved in the hearing aid fitting and rehabilitation process (prosthetics) for this particular patient demographic, alongside advanced surdological strategies designed to overcome these clinical challenges.
IMPROVING MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PERMANENT TEETH CARIES IN CHILDREN DURING THE LATE MIXED DENTITION PERIOD: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children, especially during the late mixed dentition period (6–12 years), when permanent teeth are erupting and undergoing post-eruptive maturation. The aim of this review is to analyze and systematize modern minimally invasive approaches for the management of caries in permanent teeth among children. Emphasis is placed on early diagnosis, remineralization strategies, and non-invasive or micro-invasive interventions such as resin infiltration, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), fissure sealing, and ozone therapy. These approaches aim to preserve tooth structure, reduce patient discomfort, and improve long-term outcomes. The integration of minimally invasive dentistry into pediatric practice represents a significant advancement in caries management.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL ENAMEL DEFECTS: A CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Differential diagnosis of dental fluorosis remains a complex clinical challenge due to its similarity to other developmental and acquired enamel defects. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of dental fluorosis and related enamel pathologies based on clinical, morphological, and etiological criteria. A narrative analytical review of contemporary literature was conducted. The results demonstrate that fluorosis can be reliably distinguished by its symmetrical distribution, dose-dependent severity, and specific enamel porosity patterns. However, overlap with early caries lesions, enamel hypoplasia, and genetic disorders complicates diagnosis. The integration of clinical indices, patient history, and morphological features significantly improves diagnostic accuracy.
“NAVOIYAZOT” JOINT-STOCK COMPANY: HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES WORKING AT THE ENTERPRISE”
This study examines the nutritional status of female employees working at “Navoiyazot” Joint-Stock Company from a hygienic and occupational health perspective. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that women employed in large industrial enterprises are exposed to a combination of adverse occupational factors, including chemical exposure, physical strain, irregular work intensity, and psycho-emotional stress, all of which can significantly influence dietary needs and health outcomes. Proper nutrition under such conditions is not only a component of individual well-being, but also an essential determinant of work capacity, disease prevention, reproductive health, and labor productivity. The study focuses on assessing the adequacy of daily food intake, energy expenditure, macro- and micronutrient balance, and the relationship between nutritional patterns and the health condition of female workers aged 18 to 55 years. The research applies hygienic, analytical, questionnaire-based, and statistical methods to identify deficiencies in the nutritional structure of the workers’ diets and to evaluate the influence of occupational conditions on their nutritional status. Special attention is given to the prevalence of underweight, anemia, iron deficiency, and other nutrition-related disorders that may reduce functional capacity and increase health risks in female industrial workers. The findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for developing preventive nutritional measures and hygienically grounded dietary recommendations tailored to the real needs of women employed in chemically intensive production settings. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of improving workers’ health, optimizing daily dietary intake, and enhancing occupational safety through evidence-based nutritional correction. The research contributes to medical, hygienic, and preventive approaches aimed at supporting women’s health in modern industrial conditions
EFFECT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The central nervous system (CNS) is highly susceptible to both aging and metabolic disturbances, particularly those associated with diabetes mellitus. Neurodegenerative disorders—including cognitive decline, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—often involve neuronal loss alongside abnormalities in glucose metabolism [7]. Cellular insulin signaling defects, compounded by elevated glucose and insulin levels, contribute to mitochondrial damage, increased oxidative burden, and chronic inflammation. These pathological mechanisms collectively alter CNS architecture and function, facilitating neurodegenerative progression is vital for unraveling disease mechanisms and identifying potential interventions.
HYGIENIC IMPORTANCE OF THE MICROCLIMATE IN HOSPITAL ROOMS
This article examines the hygienic significance of maintaining an optimal microclimate in hospital rooms. It highlights the impact of temperature, humidity, air quality, and ventilation on patients’ recovery, infection control, and overall well-being. Special attention is given to the role of proper microclimate management in preventing hospital-acquired infections and ensuring a safe environment for both patients and medical staff
IMPACT OF OPTICAL CORRECTION ON VISION-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY: A CORRELATION ANALYSIS BASED ON THE NEI VFQ-25 REPUBLICAN SPECIALIZED SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL MEDICAL CENTER OF EYE MICROSURGERY, TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
To evaluate and compare vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) in patients after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using scleral contact lenses versus spectacle correction, employing the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire, and to assess the correlation between subjective outcomes and objective clinical parameters
MODERN APPROACHES TO DIETARY NUTRITION FOR PATIENTS WITH GOUT
Gout is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by hyperuricemia and inflammation at sites of monosodium urate crystal deposition. The goal of therapy is to maintain blood uric acid levels within normal limits, prevent exacerbations and complications, and improve patients' quality of life. This requires eliminating risk factors for the disease, following a therapeutic diet, and taking urate-lowering medications. This article presents data from an analysis of patient management in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
CLINICAL SIGNS, PATHOGENESIS, AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Acute myocardial infarctions are one of the leading causes of death in the developed world, with prevalence approaching three million people worldwide, with more than one million deaths in the United States annually. This statistic reviews the presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with acute myocardial infarctions and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for these patients.
CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE EXPOSURE AND UTERINE REMODELING
In recent years, the problem of the impact of adverse environmental factors on reproductive health has become increasingly relevant. One of the most common toxic agents is carbon monoxide (CO), which is formed during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances and is widely found in urban areas, industrial production and domestic sources. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide leads to significant alterations in uterine microcirculation and tissue organization, which may adversely affect reproductive function
PATHOGENETIC CORRECTION OF GENITOURINARY SYNDROME OF MENOPAUSE: THE ROLE OF LASER TECHNOLOGIES AND LOCAL HORMONAL THERAPY
The study evaluates the efficacy of combining fractional CO2 laser with local estriol for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM). 60 postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: Group A (local estriol only) and Group B (CO2 laser+estriol). Results showed that Group B achieved a 45% increase in the epithelial maturation index compared to 28% in Group A. Combined therapy significantly improves vaginal health and reduces symptoms of atrophy
PSYCHOSOMATIC FACTORS IN CARDIOLOGICAL, NEUROLOGICAL, AND JOINT DISEASES, INTEGRATION OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH
This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the link between cardiovascular, central nervous system, and joint disorders and their psychological influences. It investigates the areas of cardiology, neurology, and rheumatology from a psychosomatic perspective, underscoring the significant role of stress, depression, anxiety, and emotional strain in the development and progression of these conditions. The article also examines the body's physiological responses to psychological states, such as increased heart rate, headaches, and joint inflammation, illustrating their close relationship with mental health. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of integrating psychotherapy, stress management strategies, and emotional well-being restoration as part of a holistic treatment approach for these diseases. The results indicate that effective treatment can be achieved not only through pharmacological interventions but also by incorporating psychological approaches
CREATING HIGH-ACCURACY PREDICTIVE MODELS BASED ON LARGE-SCALE MEDICAL DATA
This research investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in predicting cardiovascular diseases, which remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and personalized healthcare strategies in preventing severe complications. Using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, predictive models are developed based on large-scale medical data, including electronic health records, lab results, and diagnostic images. These AI-driven models demonstrate high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in identifying risk factors. The study also explores the integration of AI tools into clinical decision support systems, addressing data security, userfriendliness, and practical implementation challenges. The findings contribute to advancing digital medicine and support the effective adoption of AI in healthcare systems.
MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have become pivotal in enhancing clinical decision-making processes within modern healthcare systems. This paper explores the application of AI in supporting clinicians through improved diagnostics, personalized treatment planning, and patient monitoring. We analyze the core principles, architectures, and functionalities of AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS), highlighting their advantages in early disease detection and prevention. Additionally, the paper addresses current limitations, ethical concerns, and data security challenges associated with these systems. Through contemporary case studies and practical implementations, the effectiveness and future prospects of AI in clinical environments are discussed. This study aims to provide healthcare professionals, IT specialists, and researchers with comprehensive insights into the integration of AI technologies to improve clinical outcomes and optimize healthcare delivery.
ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF EXTRA-INTRACRANIAL MICROANASTOMOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MOYAMOYA DISEASE
This article describes CT angiography of the brachiocephalic arteries supplying the brain and CT perfusion of the brain before and after extra-intracranial microanastomosis surgery in patients with moyamoya disease.
Aliakbarov Mirabror Akramovich Akramovna
REDUCING CONGESTION AND ENHANCING SECURITY FOR SMART CITIES THROUGH IOT SENSOR NETWORKS AND REAL-TIME DATA COLLECTION
IoT sensor networks are transforming smart cities by enabling real-time data collection that significantly reduces traffic congestion and enhances urban security. These networks deploy sensors at critical points to monitor traffic flow, vehicle density, and environmental conditions, allowing adaptive traffic management systems to optimize signal timings and reroute vehicles dynamically, which decreases travel times and lowers pollution levels. Advanced machine learning models integrated with multi-source sensor data improve decisionmaking for traffic control and environmental monitoring, supporting sustainable urban development. Additionally, IoT systems enhance public safety by detecting incidents, managing crowds, and facilitating emergency responses through real-time alerts and optimized routing. Ensuring data security and privacy is crucial; techniques such as encryption, blockchain-based integrity protection, and secure communication protocols safeguard sensitive information against cyber threats. Overall, the fusion of IoT sensor networks with real-time analytics offers a scalable, efficient approach to managing congestion and security challenges in smart cities while promoting sustainability and resilience
THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN MAINTAINING THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISM
Nutrients play a fundamental role in supporting the vital functions and overall health of living organisms. They serve as the primary source of energy, building blocks for cellular structures, and regulators of biochemical processes essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. This paper explores the classification of nutrients, including macronutrients and micronutrients, and highlights their specific functions in metabolism, immune response, and physiological regulation. Understanding the significance of balanced nutrient intake is crucial for preventing nutritional deficiencies and promoting optimal health. The study also examines the impact of nutrient imbalances on disease development and underscores the importance of nutrition in sustaining life and well-being
NON-INVASIVE BIOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF MICROCIRCULATION USING THERMAL IMAGING IN YOUNG ADULTS
Microcirculation plays a fundamental role in tissue metabolism, thermoregulation, and vascular homeostasis. Early functional disturbances in microvascular regulation often remain clinically undetected, particularly in young adults, despite their potential contribution to long-term cardiovascular and metabolic risk. From a biophysical perspective, alterations in microcirculatory function are closely linked to changes in heat transfer and surface temperature distribution. This study investigates the use of thermal imaging as a non-invasive biophysical method for evaluating microcirculatory function in young adults. Skin surface temperature patterns were analyzed to assess peripheral perfusion and microvascular regulatory behavior under resting conditions. Emphasis was placed on spatial and functional thermal characteristics rather than absolute temperature values. The analysis revealed heterogeneous thermal patterns indicative of early microcirculatory imbalance, even in individuals without apparent clinical symptoms. The findings suggest that thermal imaging provides sensitive biophysical markers of functional microcirculatory alterations. Application of this approach may enhance early detection of microvascular vulnerability and support preventive assessment strategies in young adult populations
PHASE TRANSITIONS IN LIPID BILAYERS: A BIOPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
Lipid bilayers constitute the fundamental structural framework of biological membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining cellular integrity and functionality. The physical state of lipid bilayers is not static but undergoes temperature-dependent phase transitions that significantly influence membrane fluidity, permeability, and protein activity. These transitions involve changes between ordered gel phases and disordered liquid-crystalline phases, driven by variations in thermal energy and intermolecular interactions among lipid molecules. This article examines the biophysical mechanisms underlying phase transitions in lipid bilayers, with particular emphasis on the role of temperature, lipid composition, and molecular packing. Experimental approaches commonly used to investigate membrane phase behavior, as well as the biological implications of lipid phase transitions, are also discussed. Understanding lipid bilayer phase transitions is essential for elucidating membrane dynamics, cellular adaptation to thermal stress, and the functional regulation of membrane-associated processes
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also among the most common chronic diseases and is associated with systemic complications. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the relationship between kidney function and hearing function.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND THE MECHANISM OF GAS EXCHANGE
This article provides a detailed analysis of the anatomical and physiological foundations of the respiratory system, the mechanics of ventilation, the principles of gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane, and the transport of respiratory gases in the blood based on scientific sources. In addition, the neural and humoral regulatory mechanisms of respiration, the significance of the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio, and the molecular-physiological aspects of gas exchange are discussed. Based on the fundamental research of foreign scholars, the role of the respiratory system in maintaining body homeostasis is scientifically substantiated
PRESENTLY FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF CERVICAL PATHOLOGIES AND THEIR CAUSES
Cervical pathologies are a group of diseases that are widespread among women of reproductive age. In recent years, the incidence of inflammatory diseases, dysplasia and cervical cancer has been increasing. This article analyzes the types, etiological factors, pathogenesis, risk factors and causes of their spread of cervical pathologies. The main etiological factors are human papillomavirus (HPV), early sexual life, polysexual intercourse, decreased immunity and lack of screening. Early diagnosis and preventive measures are important in reducing the incidence.
THE EFFECT OF MILK THISTLE ON INGUINAL LYMPH NODES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN RATS
The effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract on the morphology and morphometry of inguinal lymph nodes in white rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. In arthritis, follicular destruction, sinus dilation, plasmacytic infiltration, and structural disorganization were observed. Biocorrection with milk thistle extract promoted restoration of lymph node architecture, activation of lymphocyte proliferation, reduction of inflammation, and normalization of microcirculation. Morphometric parameters — including lymph node diameter, thickness of cortical and paracortical zones, number and size of follicles, percentage of germinal centers, area of the medullary zone, and stromal volume — demonstrated significant improvement. Milk thistle proved to be an effective natural biocorrector supporting immune activity and reducing morphostructural alterations in rheumatoid arthritis.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AS AN OBJECT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
In the era of globalization and rapid technological advancement, intercultural communication has become a central component of modern education systems. The increasing mobility of people, ideas, and information has made it essential for individuals to develop the ability to interact effectively across cultural boundaries. This article examines intercultural communication as an object of the educational system, exploring its theoretical foundations, pedagogical significance, and practical implementation. The study highlights the importance of integrating intercultural competence into curricula to prepare students for global citizenship. Furthermore, it analyzes teaching strategies, challenges, and the role of educators in fostering intercultural awareness. The findings suggest that education systems must adopt innovative and inclusive approaches to ensure effective intercultural learning outcomes
OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTIC AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19 AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA USING LOW-DOSE AND STANDARD CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, chest computed tomography (CT) has played a central role in detecting pulmonary involvement and guiding clinical decision-making. However, repeated imaging raises concerns regarding cumulative radiation exposure.
HYGIENIC FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN COMPUTERIZATION IN TEACHING THE SUBJECT “LIFE SAFETY”
Nowadays modern computer technologies are used in every sphere of our life. Telecommunication technologies have opened up new possibilities, especially in teaching the subject of “Life Safety”. According to researches of specialists it is stated that usage of computer networks gives student the need to become a member of of the social community. Telecommunications improve students' reading and speaking skills, increase their interest in learning, and, as a result, improve their overall level of learning. However, not marking the situation from one hand, it is important to keep in mind the hygienic requirement during the operation with computers.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
This article analyzes the clinical manifestations of chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) and their diagnostic significance. Chronic rheumatic heart disease typically develops as a consequence of permanent damage to cardiac tissues following an episode of acute rheumatic fever. The main clinical features include heart murmurs, fatigue, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, urinary disturbances, and arrhythmias. In advanced stages, signs of heart failure become evident. The article provides a detailed analysis of early and late-stage symptoms, their severity, and the methods for diagnosis through clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Identifying clinical manifestations promptly and implementing timely treatment can reduce complications and improve patients’ quality of life. Additionally, the article highlights contemporary recommendations for the prevention and monitoring of rheumatic heart disease, emphasizing the importance of early detection and continuous followup in mitigating long-term cardiac damage.
PERMANENT TEETH ERUPTION FEATURES IN INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN OF TASHKENT CITY
determining the quantity, symmetry and timing of teeth eruption termination in intermediate school aged children