Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science
Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science is focused on specialized clinical research activities related to the health problems of human. Special emphasis is placed on the application of medical science to improve the healthcare of underserved populations. The Journal has the following objectives: (1) to expand the base of original peer-reviewed literature and the quality of that research on the topic of human health; (2) to provide greater dissemination of this research; (3) to offer appropriate and timely recognition of the significant contributions of physicians who serve these populations; and (4) to promote engagement by online publication of this research. ISSN (E): 2942-1918 ResearchBib IF: 9.995 SJIF: 5.207
CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE EXPOSURE AND UTERINE REMODELING
In recent years, the problem of the impact of adverse environmental factors on reproductive health has become increasingly relevant. One of the most common toxic agents is carbon monoxide (CO), which is formed during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances and is widely found in urban areas, industrial production and domestic sources. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide leads to significant alterations in uterine microcirculation and tissue organization, which may adversely affect reproductive function
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PATHOGENETIC CORRECTION OF GENITOURINARY SYNDROME OF MENOPAUSE: THE ROLE OF LASER TECHNOLOGIES AND LOCAL HORMONAL THERAPY
The study evaluates the efficacy of combining fractional CO2 laser with local estriol for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM). 60 postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: Group A (local estriol only) and Group B (CO2 laser+estriol). Results showed that Group B achieved a 45% increase in the epithelial maturation index compared to 28% in Group A. Combined therapy significantly improves vaginal health and reduces symptoms of atrophy
PSYCHOSOMATIC FACTORS IN CARDIOLOGICAL, NEUROLOGICAL, AND JOINT DISEASES, INTEGRATION OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH
This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the link between cardiovascular, central nervous system, and joint disorders and their psychological influences. It investigates the areas of cardiology, neurology, and rheumatology from a psychosomatic perspective, underscoring the significant role of stress, depression, anxiety, and emotional strain in the development and progression of these conditions. The article also examines the body's physiological responses to psychological states, such as increased heart rate, headaches, and joint inflammation, illustrating their close relationship with mental health. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of integrating psychotherapy, stress management strategies, and emotional well-being restoration as part of a holistic treatment approach for these diseases. The results indicate that effective treatment can be achieved not only through pharmacological interventions but also by incorporating psychological approaches
CREATING HIGH-ACCURACY PREDICTIVE MODELS BASED ON LARGE-SCALE MEDICAL DATA
This research investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in predicting cardiovascular diseases, which remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and personalized healthcare strategies in preventing severe complications. Using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, predictive models are developed based on large-scale medical data, including electronic health records, lab results, and diagnostic images. These AI-driven models demonstrate high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in identifying risk factors. The study also explores the integration of AI tools into clinical decision support systems, addressing data security, userfriendliness, and practical implementation challenges. The findings contribute to advancing digital medicine and support the effective adoption of AI in healthcare systems.
MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have become pivotal in enhancing clinical decision-making processes within modern healthcare systems. This paper explores the application of AI in supporting clinicians through improved diagnostics, personalized treatment planning, and patient monitoring. We analyze the core principles, architectures, and functionalities of AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS), highlighting their advantages in early disease detection and prevention. Additionally, the paper addresses current limitations, ethical concerns, and data security challenges associated with these systems. Through contemporary case studies and practical implementations, the effectiveness and future prospects of AI in clinical environments are discussed. This study aims to provide healthcare professionals, IT specialists, and researchers with comprehensive insights into the integration of AI technologies to improve clinical outcomes and optimize healthcare delivery.
ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF EXTRA-INTRACRANIAL MICROANASTOMOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MOYAMOYA DISEASE
This article describes CT angiography of the brachiocephalic arteries supplying the brain and CT perfusion of the brain before and after extra-intracranial microanastomosis surgery in patients with moyamoya disease.
Aliakbarov Mirabror Akramovich Akramovna
REDUCING CONGESTION AND ENHANCING SECURITY FOR SMART CITIES THROUGH IOT SENSOR NETWORKS AND REAL-TIME DATA COLLECTION
IoT sensor networks are transforming smart cities by enabling real-time data collection that significantly reduces traffic congestion and enhances urban security. These networks deploy sensors at critical points to monitor traffic flow, vehicle density, and environmental conditions, allowing adaptive traffic management systems to optimize signal timings and reroute vehicles dynamically, which decreases travel times and lowers pollution levels. Advanced machine learning models integrated with multi-source sensor data improve decisionmaking for traffic control and environmental monitoring, supporting sustainable urban development. Additionally, IoT systems enhance public safety by detecting incidents, managing crowds, and facilitating emergency responses through real-time alerts and optimized routing. Ensuring data security and privacy is crucial; techniques such as encryption, blockchain-based integrity protection, and secure communication protocols safeguard sensitive information against cyber threats. Overall, the fusion of IoT sensor networks with real-time analytics offers a scalable, efficient approach to managing congestion and security challenges in smart cities while promoting sustainability and resilience
THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN MAINTAINING THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISM
Nutrients play a fundamental role in supporting the vital functions and overall health of living organisms. They serve as the primary source of energy, building blocks for cellular structures, and regulators of biochemical processes essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. This paper explores the classification of nutrients, including macronutrients and micronutrients, and highlights their specific functions in metabolism, immune response, and physiological regulation. Understanding the significance of balanced nutrient intake is crucial for preventing nutritional deficiencies and promoting optimal health. The study also examines the impact of nutrient imbalances on disease development and underscores the importance of nutrition in sustaining life and well-being
NON-INVASIVE BIOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF MICROCIRCULATION USING THERMAL IMAGING IN YOUNG ADULTS
Microcirculation plays a fundamental role in tissue metabolism, thermoregulation, and vascular homeostasis. Early functional disturbances in microvascular regulation often remain clinically undetected, particularly in young adults, despite their potential contribution to long-term cardiovascular and metabolic risk. From a biophysical perspective, alterations in microcirculatory function are closely linked to changes in heat transfer and surface temperature distribution. This study investigates the use of thermal imaging as a non-invasive biophysical method for evaluating microcirculatory function in young adults. Skin surface temperature patterns were analyzed to assess peripheral perfusion and microvascular regulatory behavior under resting conditions. Emphasis was placed on spatial and functional thermal characteristics rather than absolute temperature values. The analysis revealed heterogeneous thermal patterns indicative of early microcirculatory imbalance, even in individuals without apparent clinical symptoms. The findings suggest that thermal imaging provides sensitive biophysical markers of functional microcirculatory alterations. Application of this approach may enhance early detection of microvascular vulnerability and support preventive assessment strategies in young adult populations
PHASE TRANSITIONS IN LIPID BILAYERS: A BIOPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
Lipid bilayers constitute the fundamental structural framework of biological membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining cellular integrity and functionality. The physical state of lipid bilayers is not static but undergoes temperature-dependent phase transitions that significantly influence membrane fluidity, permeability, and protein activity. These transitions involve changes between ordered gel phases and disordered liquid-crystalline phases, driven by variations in thermal energy and intermolecular interactions among lipid molecules. This article examines the biophysical mechanisms underlying phase transitions in lipid bilayers, with particular emphasis on the role of temperature, lipid composition, and molecular packing. Experimental approaches commonly used to investigate membrane phase behavior, as well as the biological implications of lipid phase transitions, are also discussed. Understanding lipid bilayer phase transitions is essential for elucidating membrane dynamics, cellular adaptation to thermal stress, and the functional regulation of membrane-associated processes
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also among the most common chronic diseases and is associated with systemic complications. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the relationship between kidney function and hearing function.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND THE MECHANISM OF GAS EXCHANGE
This article provides a detailed analysis of the anatomical and physiological foundations of the respiratory system, the mechanics of ventilation, the principles of gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane, and the transport of respiratory gases in the blood based on scientific sources. In addition, the neural and humoral regulatory mechanisms of respiration, the significance of the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio, and the molecular-physiological aspects of gas exchange are discussed. Based on the fundamental research of foreign scholars, the role of the respiratory system in maintaining body homeostasis is scientifically substantiated
PRESENTLY FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF CERVICAL PATHOLOGIES AND THEIR CAUSES
Cervical pathologies are a group of diseases that are widespread among women of reproductive age. In recent years, the incidence of inflammatory diseases, dysplasia and cervical cancer has been increasing. This article analyzes the types, etiological factors, pathogenesis, risk factors and causes of their spread of cervical pathologies. The main etiological factors are human papillomavirus (HPV), early sexual life, polysexual intercourse, decreased immunity and lack of screening. Early diagnosis and preventive measures are important in reducing the incidence.
THE EFFECT OF MILK THISTLE ON INGUINAL LYMPH NODES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN RATS
The effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract on the morphology and morphometry of inguinal lymph nodes in white rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. In arthritis, follicular destruction, sinus dilation, plasmacytic infiltration, and structural disorganization were observed. Biocorrection with milk thistle extract promoted restoration of lymph node architecture, activation of lymphocyte proliferation, reduction of inflammation, and normalization of microcirculation. Morphometric parameters — including lymph node diameter, thickness of cortical and paracortical zones, number and size of follicles, percentage of germinal centers, area of the medullary zone, and stromal volume — demonstrated significant improvement. Milk thistle proved to be an effective natural biocorrector supporting immune activity and reducing morphostructural alterations in rheumatoid arthritis.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AS AN OBJECT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
In the era of globalization and rapid technological advancement, intercultural communication has become a central component of modern education systems. The increasing mobility of people, ideas, and information has made it essential for individuals to develop the ability to interact effectively across cultural boundaries. This article examines intercultural communication as an object of the educational system, exploring its theoretical foundations, pedagogical significance, and practical implementation. The study highlights the importance of integrating intercultural competence into curricula to prepare students for global citizenship. Furthermore, it analyzes teaching strategies, challenges, and the role of educators in fostering intercultural awareness. The findings suggest that education systems must adopt innovative and inclusive approaches to ensure effective intercultural learning outcomes
OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTIC AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19 AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA USING LOW-DOSE AND STANDARD CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, chest computed tomography (CT) has played a central role in detecting pulmonary involvement and guiding clinical decision-making. However, repeated imaging raises concerns regarding cumulative radiation exposure.
HYGIENIC FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN COMPUTERIZATION IN TEACHING THE SUBJECT “LIFE SAFETY”
Nowadays modern computer technologies are used in every sphere of our life. Telecommunication technologies have opened up new possibilities, especially in teaching the subject of “Life Safety”. According to researches of specialists it is stated that usage of computer networks gives student the need to become a member of of the social community. Telecommunications improve students' reading and speaking skills, increase their interest in learning, and, as a result, improve their overall level of learning. However, not marking the situation from one hand, it is important to keep in mind the hygienic requirement during the operation with computers.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
This article analyzes the clinical manifestations of chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) and their diagnostic significance. Chronic rheumatic heart disease typically develops as a consequence of permanent damage to cardiac tissues following an episode of acute rheumatic fever. The main clinical features include heart murmurs, fatigue, shortness of breath, peripheral edema, urinary disturbances, and arrhythmias. In advanced stages, signs of heart failure become evident. The article provides a detailed analysis of early and late-stage symptoms, their severity, and the methods for diagnosis through clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Identifying clinical manifestations promptly and implementing timely treatment can reduce complications and improve patients’ quality of life. Additionally, the article highlights contemporary recommendations for the prevention and monitoring of rheumatic heart disease, emphasizing the importance of early detection and continuous followup in mitigating long-term cardiac damage.
PERMANENT TEETH ERUPTION FEATURES IN INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN OF TASHKENT CITY
determining the quantity, symmetry and timing of teeth eruption termination in intermediate school aged children
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENDOCRINE GLAND HORMONES IN YOUNG CHILDREN
This article discusses the role and significance of endocrine gland hormones in the growth and development of young children. Hormones produced by endocrine glands regulate many important physiological processes in the child’s body, including metabolism, growth, development of organs and tissues, and the functioning of the immune system. The article analyzes the functions of major endocrine glands such as the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, and adrenal glands, and explains their importance during early childhood. Special attention is given to hormonal balance and its impact on the healthy development of children.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW CATALYSTS FOR THE ESTERIFICATION REACTION OF ACETIC ACID WITH THE ETHEREAL FRACTION IN THE VAPOR PHASE
The esterification reactions of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of the esterification of These processes result in the formation of organic esters, which are widely used in various industries, particularly in pharmaceuticals, perfumery, food, textiles, and other industries. One of the most important processes for the technological production of esters is esterification. In particular, catalysts with high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental safety in vapor phase conditions are among the pressing issues for synthetic chemistry
ASSESSMENT OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by fibrosis of the pancreatic tissue and functional insufficiency. As a result of the disease, both exocrine and endocrine insufficiency develop. Exocrine insufficiency leads to impaired digestion, malabsorption, and trophic changes. This article analyzes the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and the quality of life indicators in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammatory process characterized by fibrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma and a decline in secretory function. The etiology of the disease includes alcohol consumption, metabolic disorders, genetic factors, and biliary tract pathology.Exocrine insufficiency develops as a result of decreased enzyme production by the pancreas. This condition leads to impaired digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Consequently, patients experience weight loss, steatorrhea, hypovitaminosis, and general weakness
TUMOR-INDUCED STROKE: DIAGNOSTIC INSIGHTS FROM NEUROIMAGING
Despite the widespread use of advanced radiologic imaging techniques in neurosurgical practice, the diagnosis and management of various brain tumors (BT) remain significant challenges for clinicians and healthcare systems. This is largely due to the high incidence of both primary and metastatic brain tumors, the considerable rate of unfavorable outcomes, and the substantial financial burden associated with their treatment. In addition, brain tumors may lead to serious cerebrovascular complications, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, resulting from vascular compression, tumor invasion, hypercoagulability, or treatment-related effects. Early and accurate radiologic assessment plays a crucial role in detecting tumor-related stroke and guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SECRETORY AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
The secretory and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) play a central role in the digestion, absorption of nutrients, and maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. This article provides a detailed analysis of the secretory mechanisms of the GIT, including gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal gland secretion processes, as well as motor activity patterns such as peristalsis and segmentation. The mechanisms of secretory–motor coordination are examined based on the integration of the enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and gastrointestinal hormones. Modern theoretical concepts of GIT function are presented through the analysis of contemporary scientific literature.
“DETERMINATION OF THE NULL GENOTYPE OF GSTM1 AND GSTT1 GENES IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HEPATITIS VIRUS BY REALTIME PCR”
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and protection against oxidative stress. The null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes result in complete absence of enzymatic activity, potentially increasing susceptibility to liver damage during viral hepatitis infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) using real-time PCR. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients (30 HBV, 30 HCV). Genomic DNA was extracted, and GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes were determined using TaqMan real-time PCR assays. The GSTM1 null genotype was observed in 40% of HBV patients and 46.7% of HCV patients, while GSTT1 null genotype was present in 33.3% and 36.7% of HBV and HCV patients, respectively. Combined null genotypes (GSTM1/GSTT1) were found in 13.3% of HBV and 16.7% of HCV patients. These findings suggest that null genotypes are relatively common among hepatitis patients and may be associated with increased vulnerability to oxidative liver injury. Identification of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes could inform personalized approaches for monitoring and managing viral hepatitis patients
REMOTE RESULTS OF VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC AND THORACOTOMY OPERATIONS FOR PULMONARY ECHINOCOCCECTOMY
Without detracting from the advantages of traditional echinococcectomies, we believe that the approach to choosing a surgical method should be strictly differentiated. Echinococcal cysts with a diameter of more than 50 mm, as well as recurrent cysts complicated by suppuration, as we gain experience, we allowed ourselves to interpret as “relative” contraindications to videothoracoscopic echinococcectomy of the lung; in the treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis, endovideosurgical echinococcectomy is and should be a priority.
This article discusses the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer, including indications for surgery, selection of the extent of surgical intervention, as well as postoperative complications and their prevention. The main treatment method for thyroid cancer is thyroidectomy (total or partial), and when necessary, lymph node dissection is performed. The effectiveness of surgical techniques, treatment strategies depending on the stage of the disease, and patient rehabilitation issues are analyzed
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BRUSH BORDER REMODELING OF ENTEROCYTES UNDER CHRONIC TOXIC-METABOLIC EXPOSURE
Chronic exposure to toxic agents combined with metabolic disorders represents a significant pathogenic factor affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The small intestine, as a central component of the barrier–metabolic system, is particularly vulnerable to combined toxic–metabolic injury. Structural integrity of the enterocyte brush border plays a crucial role in maintaining effective membrane digestion and nutrient absorption.
EARLY DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO OVARIAN RESERVE DECLINE BASED ON GENETIC RISK FACTORS IN PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
Premature ovarian failure (POF), also referred to as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a complex reproductive disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. The condition is associated with hypoestrogenism, elevated gonadotropin levels, infertility, and long-term metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Recent advances in reproductive medicine have highlighted the crucial role of genetic factors in the development of POF, as well as the importance of early identification of declining ovarian reserve. Modern diagnostic strategies combine genetic testing, hormonal assessment, and ultrasonographic evaluation to predict ovarian aging at an early stage. This review analyzes genetic predictors of premature ovarian failure, evaluates methods for early detection of reduced ovarian reserve, and summarizes clinical studies assessing diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of current testing approaches. Early identification of women at risk allows timely reproductive counseling and fertility preservation strategies, significantly improving clinical outcomes.
NEW APPROACHES TO INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION WITH TYPHOID VACCINES IN MEDICINE AND SPORTS
Typhoid fever, caused by a variety of bacteria, remains a serious public health problem, especially in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. One of the key strategies for the prevention of typhoid fever is the implementation of effective immunoprophylaxis measures. Vaccine prevention is recognized throughout the world as a decisive factor in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases, mitigating the severity of clinical symptoms and reducing mortality rates. About 343 people were examined in the work. All examined were males aged 18-22 years. To conduct the research, we used Vaccination with a chemical sorbed liquid typhoid vaccine produced by Uzbiopharm OJSC. Vaccination with dry alcoholic typhoid vaccine produced in the Russian Federation (series No. 23-2, K 23, R 94.161.387). Based on the results, it was concluded that the immunological effectiveness of the typhoid vaccine VBTHSJ OJSC "Uzbiofarm" was 66.66%, and the vaccine BTVSS RF - 74.58%. Immunomodulin contributed to an increase in the effectiveness of the VBTHSJ vaccine of Uzbiopharm OJSC from 66.66% to 95.17%