Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science
Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science is focused on specialized clinical research activities related to the health problems of human. Special emphasis is placed on the application of medical science to improve the healthcare of underserved populations. The Journal has the following objectives: (1) to expand the base of original peer-reviewed literature and the quality of that research on the topic of human health; (2) to provide greater dissemination of this research; (3) to offer appropriate and timely recognition of the significant contributions of physicians who serve these populations; and (4) to promote engagement by online publication of this research. ISSN (E): 2942-1918 ResearchBib IF: 9.995 SJIF 2024: 5.207
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. Early detection through regular screening significantly improves survival rates and reduces mortality. Common screening methods include mammography, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination. This article reviews current guidelines, effectiveness, and challenges of breast cancer screening programs, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and patient education.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ADVANCES IN SURGICAL SUTURE MATERIALS
Recent advances in surgical practice have been closely associated with the development of innovative suture materials exhibiting improved mechanical, biological, and functional properties. Beyond their primary role in tissue approximation, surgical sutures actively interact with the wound microenvironment, influencing inflammatory responses, microbial adhesion, and regenerative processes. This review focuses on the structural and functional evolution of surgical suture materials, with particular emphasis on filament architecture, degradation mechanisms of absorbable polymers, surface modifications, and emerging smart technologies. Based on current experimental and clinical literature, the properties and performance of monofilament and multifilament sutures, absorbable and non-absorbable materials, as well as antibacterial, drug-eluting, and nanostructured coatings are critically analyzed. In addition, novel concepts such as stem cell-loaded sutures, electronic and sensor-integrated sutures, and photobiomodulation-assisted modulation of suture–tissue interactions are discussed as promising future directions in surgical biomaterials research. The integration of advanced materials science and biomedical engineering approaches into suture design is expected to enhance wound healing, reduce postoperative complications, and contribute to the development of next-generation multifunctional surgical sutures.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RECONSTRUCTIVE METHODS FOR CONGENITAL DEFECTS AND DEFORMITIES OF THE FACIAL BONES
Fixing problems with the bones in the face that happened because of an injury is really hard to do. The doctor has to make sure the face works properly and also looks okay. There are ways that doctors can fix these problems. They can take bone from one part of the body. Put it in the face. They can also use a technique that helps the bone grow back on its own. Another way is to take tissue from one part of the body and attach it to the face using blood vessels. Doctors can even make implants that are just for the patient. Using bone from the patients body is good because it will not cause any problems and it will last a long time but it only works for small or medium sized problems. If the problem is really bad doctors can use a technique that helps the bone and the soft tissue, around it grow back at the same time. Restoration of acquired bone defects and deformities is what doctors are trying to do when they use these techniques. Free tissue transfer is versatile for large, composite defects, offering reliable functional and aesthetic restoration, while PSIs deliver precise anatomical reconstruction and reduced operative time for complex defects. Comparative analysis indicates that the choice of method should be individualized, considering defect characteristics, patient factors, and available resources. Multimodal strategies often optimize outcomes, and advances in imaging, virtual planning, and biomaterials continue to enhance the precision and predictability of facial reconstruction
“MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS IN CHILDREN IN UZBEKISTAN.”
Cystic fibrosis or cystic fibrosis or Landsteiner-Fanconi disease is a hereditary systemic autosomal recessive exocrinopathy, characterized by early clinical manifestations of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system and other organs. Among all the diseases that occur in newborns, cystic fibrosis occurs in 1 in 2 thousand children
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LUNGS OF SMOKERS
Smoking, a widespread habit with a serious impact on health, remains a significant public health concern. Despite growing awareness of the risks associated with smoking, many individuals continue to succumb to this addiction. Understanding the facts about smokers and smoking habits can shed light on the challenges faced in addressing this global issue. In 2022, in collaboration with several research institutes of the Ministry of Agriculture, a study was conducted on the problem of nasvay and cigarettes. It is estimated that there are 4.5 million smokers in Uzbekistan. More than half of them, namely 2.4 million people, smoke cigarettes. The rest (2.1 million people) use nasvay. Smoking is a habit that has numerous harmful effects on human health. Smoking can lead to a multitude of short-term and long-term health problems, especially with regular use. Smoking harms the respiratory system, causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and increases the risk of respiratory infections
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN ELDERLY WOMEN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production) and exacerbations due to airway (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveolar (emphysema) damage, which cause persistent, often progressive airflow limitation. Exacerbations and comorbid conditions are an integral part of the disease and contribute significantly to the clinical picture. To assess the risk of COPD exacerbations, it is necessary to consider the patient's history of exacerbation frequency, including those requiring hospitalization within the last 12 months. If a patient has had even one exacerbation leading to hospitalization in the previous year (i.e., a severe exacerbation), they should be classified as high risk
CLINICAL AND HORMONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS
We examined 14 patients (including 5 women and 9 men). The average age of the patients was 30.6±9.3 years. All patients had nodular adrenal hyperplasia detected on MRI. Twelve patients (85.7%) sought medical attention for arterial hypertension (AH), while two patients (14.3%) had no complaints. The patients were diagnosed with stage I obesity, with the average BMI in men Introdactionbeing 32.7±4.54 kg/m2, and in women - 31.1±3.78 kg/m2, with an abdominal distribution of subcutaneous fat. Arterial hypertension is the main symptom of adrenal masses. Arterial hypertension in men with incidentalomas is more malignant compared to women, which is confirmed by the detection of stage III hypertension in 22% of the examined men.
MODERN ASPECTS OF SKIN MELANOMA DIAGNOSIS
Among skin malignancies, melanoma leads in terms of mortality. Over the past decades, a steady increase in the incidence of melanoma has been observed compared to other types of malignant neoplasms. If melanoma is diagnosed at an early stage, then relatively high 5-year survival rates can be achieved, which necessitates its timely diagnosis and treatment. Clinical recognition of melanoma, especially in the early stages, can be problematic even for an experienced dermatologist. However, the diagnosis of primary skin tumors is carried out by primary care physicians of various specialties. Melanoma and other malignant skin tumors can be detected during a physical examination when a patient seeks treatment for another condition. When melanoma is suspected, attention is paid to phenotypic risk factors for melanoma development, anamnesis data, and physical examination findings. It is estimated that the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis during a routine examination by an experienced dermatologist is approximately 70 percent. However, the use of diagnostic tools such as dermatoscopes can significantly improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis. In recent years, there has been an active search for new, less invasive methods and algorithms for diagnosing skin melanoma. The main goal of non-invasive diagnostics is to determine the need for histological verification of the tumor. The decision to perform histological verification should be based on a combination of clinical and dermatoscopic examination and other information, including growth dynamics, symptoms, and medical history.
RESPECTFUL MATERNITY CARE – THE BASIS OF QUALITY MATERNAL PROTECTION
This article highlights the concept of respectful maternity care (RMC) and its significance in ensuring quality maternal protection. The importance of safeguarding the dignity, rights, and well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period is analyzed as a priority task of the healthcare system. The article examines the medical, psychological, and social aspects of a respectful approach, emphasizing the ethical responsibility and communication skills of healthcare professionals in supporting maternal health. Implementing respectful maternity care improves the health of mothers and children, enhances the quality of healthcare services, and strengthens social trust within the community.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL BONE PLATES IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MANDIBULAR ANGLE FRACTURES
Adequate immobilization of mandibular fragments is a key prerequisite for successful treatment of mandibular fractures. Fractures located in the angle region of the mandible present significant challenges for intraoral fixation due to the complex anatomical geometry, often requiring extensive bending of standard plates, which leads to increased operative time and reduction in plate strength. To address these limitations, an original design of an individualized incisal plate was developed for intraoral osteosynthesis in the mandibular angle region. A virtual stress–strain analysis of the mandible under physiological loading demonstrated the biomechanical advantages of the individualized plates compared with standard configuration plates. The plate consists of two fixing arms of different lengths connected by an intermediate segment, with geometry tailored to each patient’s mandibular anatomy. Plates were manufactured using high-precision milling technology (Roland MDX-540). Clinical application involved intraoral access, stepwise elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap, anatomical repositioning of fragments, and sequential fixation with intraosseous screws. The individualized plate enabled stable fixation with minimal tissue trauma and reduced operative time due to its anatomical congruence. Early postoperative rehabilitation was possible owing to the favorable distribution of functional loads. The use of patient-specific incisal plates represents an effective and minimally invasive method for treating fractures of the mandibular angle.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESENTMED DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR END-TO-END PATIENT ROUTING IN COLOPROCTOLOGY
This study presents a pilot implementation of the PresentMed digital platform designed for end-to-end patient routing in coloproctology. The platform integrates outpatient, inpatient and telemedicine services into a unified digital ecosystem, enabling electronic medical records, standardized clinical pathways, remote consultations and real-time analytical monitoring. During implementation (630 patients across multiple regions of Uzbekistan), significant improvements were recorded, including reduced diagnostic delays, fewer uncoordinated referrals, increased use of telemedicine consultations and higher compliance with clinical protocols. Clinical outcomes also improved: rates of early diagnosis increased, access to advanced diagnostic procedures expanded and the need for surgical interventions was nearly halved. Patient satisfaction and treatment adherence demonstrated measurable growth. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the integrated digital model and highlight its potential for broader scaling within specialized care
DIGITALIZATION AND TELEMEDICINE IN COLOPROCTOLOGY AS STEPS TOWARD THE FORMATION OF A MODERN SYSTEM OF SPECIALIZED CARE IN UZBEKISTAN
In the context of a shortage of specialized personnel and unequal access to coloproctological care in Uzbekistan, digitalization and telemedicine are emerging as critical directions for healthcare modernization. This narrative review explores the potential of digital technologies to improve accessibility, quality, and clinical effectiveness of specialized services. The study focuses on the pilot implementation experience at the Multidisciplinary Clinic of the Center for Professional Development of Medical Personnel, which introduced digital patient routing, automated diagnostics, histological-laboratory integration, and remote consultations. The findings reveal a reduction in diagnostic delays, increased treatment adherence, and higher patient satisfaction. The analysis supports the conclusion that digital tools serve a system-forming role and should be prioritized as a strategic axis of coloproctology reform in Uzbekistan
PREDICTING THE BEHAVIOR OF IMPLANTS AND CROWNS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN VARIOUS OCCLUSION SCHEMES
Implementation of functional occlusion management principles has important preventive significance in the manufacture of non-removable structures. Non-removable structures supported by implants play a special role, where an important condition is ensuring the maximum axial direction of chewing forces applied to the supporting elements [1, 2]. Occlusion, from the point of view of dentists, is of significant importance, especially in the restoration of defects in dental rows and changes in the position of teeth with a change in the angle of application of the load. In this case, it is important to understand how contact occurs in the frontal, sagittal planes during the parafunctional and functional activity of the chewing apparatus. In this regard, there are currently several main concepts of occlusion: the concept of group function on the laterotrucial side; the concept of balanced occlusion; the concept of the clitoral guide. The formation of functional occlusion during prosthetics with non-removable structures is the main task of optimal creation of the chewing surface of the replaced dental defect. Ensuring the safe use of orthopedic structures is necessary to protect the supporting elements from excessive loads, as well as to minimize their movement during the adaptation process [3, 4]. Digital methods for manufacturing non-removable structures also allow for recording the volume of movement of support elements and structures. This will allow for the creation of software for predicting the displacement of support teeth and taking into account the obtained results when modeling non-removable structures. An important aspect requiring special attention is both the location of the supporting element and the nature of the support, i.e., the implant or natural tooth. Since the degree of mobility of these elements is different, the reaction to overload is also different [5, 6]. The chewing system adapts relatively easily to changes in occlusal relationships during short periods of no-load. When dynamic equilibrium is disrupted (tooth preparation), the vertical displacement is 40 μm per day, while the horizontal displacement is 30 μm per day. This process is reversible when manufacturing an orthopedic structure in the shortest possible time or when using temporary crowns. At the same time, the formation of a secure occlusion occurs functionally.
THOROUGH FORENSIC MEDICAL ANALYSIS OF EYE INJURIES IN LIVING INDIVIDUALS
The article is devoted to a comprehensive forensic medical characterization of ocular injuries in living individuals. Modern approaches to the classification of ophthalmic trauma are examined, including etiological, mechanical, and anatomical-topographical criteria that allow for a more precise determination of injury patterns and their pathogenetic features. The mechanisms of formation of various types of injuries—from blunt and penetrating to combined and blast-related—are analyzed in detail, which is essential for reconstructing the circumstances of injury and for accurate expert interpretation.Particular attention is given to the diagnostic capabilities of contemporary imaging technologies, such as optical coherence tomography, ocular ultrasonography, and orbital computed tomography. These methods provide high accuracy in detecting subtle, minimally expressed, and deep structural alterations that remain inaccessible during traditional clinical examination. Criteria for determining the degree of harm to health are presented, based on a comprehensive assessment of functional impairment, long-term consequences, and the risk of irreversible loss of visual functions. The pivotal role of commissioned (panel) forensic medical examinations in complex, controversial, iatrogenic, and conflict situations—where multidisciplinary analysis is required—is emphasized.The findings contribute to the improvement of expert assessment algorithms and promote the unification of approaches to evaluating ocular trauma in contemporary forensic medical practice
VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM. SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISIONS
The vegetative nervous system (VNS) provides regulation of internal organs and maintains the body’s homeostasis. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, each performing specific functions. The sympathetic division activates the “fight or flight” response, increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, and mobilizes energy resources. The parasympathetic division ensures restoration and rest, decreases heart rate, and promotes digestion. This article examines the morphological structure of the VNS, neurotransmitters, regulation mechanisms, clinical significance, and recent research on the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions on the functional systems of the body
ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN METABOLIC REGULATION
Vitamin D, traditionally recognized for its role in calcium and bone homeostasis, is increasingly understood to influence multiple metabolic pathways, including glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endocrine signaling. Hypovitaminosis D has become a global public health concern, associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Conventional assessments often focus only on skeletal outcomes, overlooking the broader metabolic consequences of deficiency. Emerging evidence indicates that Vitamin D modulates pancreatic β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, adipokine secretion, and systemic inflammatory responses. This thesis examines the mechanisms through which Vitamin D contributes to metabolic regulation, integrating findings from endocrinology, molecular biology, and clinical research. The analysis highlights the influence of Vitamin D on glucose and lipid homeostasis, its role in metabolic disorders, and the potential benefits and limitations of supplementation. Ethical considerations in population screening and future perspectives on personalized vitamin D therapy are also discussed
INFLUENCE OF IMPLANT SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE OSSEOINTEGRATION PROCESS
An urgent problem in dentistry remains the reduction number of complications after dental implantation. Once working new techniques surgical interventions usage various ways stimulation osseointegration , creation of new implant systems will help reduce the rehabilitation time for dental patients and improve their quality of life.
THE ROLE OF OCCLUSION STRESS IN THE OCCURRENCE OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AROUND IMPLANTS
Reducing the number of complications after dental implantation remains an urgent problem in dentistry. All risk factors can be divided into general - smoking, systemic pathology, condition after radiation therapy, etc., and local - poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, iatrogenic conditions, design and quality of processing of the transgingival part of the implant. Understanding the course of inflammatory and destructive processes around a dental implant after its installation directs scientists and implant manufacturers to improve the already used conservative and surgical methods of treating these diseases, as well as greater attention to the prevention of this pathology, and, accordingly, the risk factors for its development. The development of new techniques for surgical interventions and prosthetics, the creation of new implant systems will help increase the service life of dentures on implants and improve the quality of life of patients.
HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING WORKING CONDITIONS FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL
The article examines the issues related to the psychological and emotional strain that may arise as a result of the high workload and intensity of modern medical work, the increase in occupational risk, as well as the challenges of ensuring effective working conditions within the healthcare system. These problems have a direct impact on the work efficiency and overall health of medical professionals. Therefore, conducting scientifically grounded research aimed at improving their working conditions, reducing psychological and emotional stress, and minimizing occupational risks is considered both urgent and highly significant.
ECTOPARASITES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main types of ectoparasites commonly found in children, highlighting their morphological and biological characteristics. The impact of parasites on the child’s body, including itching, allergic reactions, skin diseases, and the mechanisms of transmission of dangerous infectious diseases, is analyzed from a scientific perspective. The article also emphasizes the role of hygiene practices in protecting children's health, preventive measures against parasites, and the significance of modern treatment methods in pediatric practice. This study is useful for students specializing in pediatrics, medical professionals, and general readers, as it helps strengthen both theoretical and practical knowledge in the fight against ectoparasites.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE INDEPENDENCE THROUGH QUICK SKETCHING EXERCISES
This article examines the role and importance of quick sketch exercises in developing students’ creative independence. During quick drawing practice, students not only enhance their observation, imagination, and artistic thinking, but also develop the ability to make independent creative decisions. The aim of the study is to analyze the methodological foundations for fostering creative independence through quick sketch exercises. The research applied pedagogical observation, comparison, and experimental training methods. Experimental sessions with students of the “Fine Arts and Engineering Graphics” program at Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results demonstrated an increase in students’ independent thinking, freedom in image creation, and confidence in drawing techniques. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of methodology for developing creative independence in art education.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF PERIMUCOSITIS: A CLINICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY
The widespread application of intraosseous dental implants has significantly enhanced modern dental rehabilitation; however, peri-implant inflammatory complications such as perimucositis and peri-implantitis remain a major clinical challenge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a probiotic preparation (Enteflavin 4g, Pharmaluce) as an adjunct to basic therapy in the treatment and prevention of perimucositis. Forty-two patients with 3–4 mm peri-implant probing depths were divided into two groups: a control group receiving basic therapy alone and a main group receiving basic therapy plus a 30-day probiotic regimen. Clinical indices (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth), functional parameters of oral fluid, cytokine profiles (IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α), and microbiological data were assessed before, and at 1 and 6 months after treatment. The main group demonstrated significantly better clinical outcomes, including reduced inflammatory indices, improved salivary gland function, and more pronounced normalization of cytokine status, particularly a marked decrease in IL1β levels. Microbiological analysis showed a nearly twofold reduction in key periodontopathogens (A.a., P.g., P.i., F.n., T.d.) in the probiotic group compared to controls. The findings indicate that adjunctive probiotic therapy enhances the effectiveness of conventional perimucositis treatment by modulating oral microbiota and inflammatory responses, reducing disease severity, and lowering recurrence risk. Incorporating probiotics into peri-implant maintenance protocols may improve long-term implant success.
INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY AND REHABILITATION OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLES
The development of information technologies has significantly enhanced the possibilities for studying and rehabilitating the respiratory muscles. This paper explores the integration of digital tools, such as computer modeling, artificial intelligence (AI), and sensorbased monitoring systems, in assessing the morphology and function of respiratory muscles. Using biomechanical simulations and smart diagnostic devices, researchers can analyze muscle activity, breathing patterns, and performance under various physiological conditions. Furthermore, AI-assisted rehabilitation systems and virtual reality (VR) platforms provide personalized respiratory training programs for patients with pulmonary dysfunctions. The integration of IT not only improves diagnostic precision but also enhances treatment outcomes and accelerates recovery in respiratory medicine.
PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF ADRENAL LESIONS IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
COVID-19 has been shown to affect numerous organ systems, including the adrenal glands, which play a central role in the body’s stress response. Clinical reports describing earlyonset hypocorticism and acute adrenal insufficiency following SARS-CoV-2 infection suggest that the adrenal glands may be compromised either directly by the virus or indirectly through systemic disease mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate current evidence regarding structural, functional, and pathophysiological alterations of the adrenal glands associated with COVID-19. Autopsy findings consistently demonstrate vascular abnormalities—including thrombosis, infarction, hemorrhage, and severe endothelitis—represent another recurrent pattern and highlight substantial microcirculatory disruption. Additional findings such as cellular hyperplasia, necrosis, lipid degeneration, and focal adrenalitis further support the notion of notable adrenal involvement. Although expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2,and other viral entry– associated proteins in adrenal tissue provides biological probability for SARS-CoV-2 infection of adrenal cells, the limited number of virus-positive cells observed suggests that direct cytopathic injury is unlikely to be the primary mechanism. Collectively, the available literature underscores the multifactorial nature of adrenal involvement in COVID-19 and highlights the necessity for further research to better define the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and long-term consequences of adrenal dysfunction in affected patients
THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE ON HEALTH, EARLY DIAGNOSIS, AND PREVENTION
Heart failure is a syndrome caused by decompensated myocardial dysfunction. It manifests itself as an increase in the volume of intercellular fluid and a decrease in perfusion of organs and tissues. The pathophysiological basis of this syndrome is that the heart cannot meet metabolic needs. It often develops as a complication of previous or current diseases that damage the heart muscle or put additional stress on it. In addition to the most common causes, there are other causes of heart failure. These include abnormal pressure in the blood vessels of the heart, diseases of the coronary arteries, heart valves and heart muscle, and arrhythmia. Sometimes heart failure is a complication of diseases of other organs, diseases that affect or damage the heart muscle. The most common cause of chronic heart failure is coronary artery disease. Heart failure can develop at any age, but is most common in older people
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO EARLY DETECTION AND PREDICTION OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN ONCOLOGY BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for effective strategies aimed at early diagnosis and individualized treatment planning. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into oncology has opened new opportunities for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, predicting treatment outcomes, and optimizing therapeutic decision-making. This article explores innovative approaches that utilize AI algorithms for the early detection of oncological diseases and the prognostic assessment of therapy effectiveness. The study highlights the role of machine learning and deep learning models in analyzing large datasets, identifying hidden patterns, and supporting clinical decisions. The implementation of AI-based systems in oncological practice not only improves diagnostic precision but also contributes to personalized and evidence-based medicine. The research underlines the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and ethical considerations in the adoption of AI technologies for improving cancer care outcomes.
RESULTS OF APPLYING COMPLEX THERAPEUTIC METHODS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER
This research focuses on analyzing the effectiveness of combined treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), taking into account both morphological features and the molecular-genetic profile of the tumor. Between 2014 and 2024, 300 patients with confirmed DTC were examined at the branch of Tashkent city of the Republican Specialized ScientificPractical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology. A comparative study was conducted between an improved diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm—including ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, molecular testing, and individualized surgical and targeted therapy—and the conventional approach. Findings demonstrated that the improved algorithm provided higher two-year disease-free survival (78.1% versus 66.5%; p=0.033). Adverse prognostic indicators were associated with TERT, RAS, PAX8-PPAR-γ, and BRAF-V600E mutations, particularly their combinations (e.g., RAS+PAX8-PPAR-γ, HR=4.271; p=0.005). Extended thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection improved locoregional control and reduced recurrence risk. In conclusion, the integration of molecular profiling and personalized surgical strategy into standard DTC management enhances survival, reduces recurrence rates, and proves economically beneficial, reducing treatment costs by an average of 3.8 million UZS per patient.
Professor Mirzagaleb Nigmatovich Tillyashaykhov
DIURNAL VARIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
We examined 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent Holter ECG monitoring. Based on this data, patients were divided into two groups: DAN (-) and DAN (+). All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. The time index of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as the variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were higher in the DAN (+) group. A time index greater than 20% was found in 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DAN (+).
cardiovascular diabetic autonomic neuropathy
MODERN APPROACHES TO DIETARY NUTRITION FOR PATIENTS WITH GOUT
Gout is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by hyperuricemia and inflammation at sites of monosodium urate crystal deposition. The goal of therapy is to maintain blood uric acid levels within normal limits, prevent exacerbations and complications, and improve patients' quality of life. This requires eliminating risk factors for the disease, following a therapeutic diet, and taking urate-lowering medications. This article presents data from an analysis of patient management in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CHILDREN UNDER TEN YEARS OLD AND THEIR PROPHYLAXIS
This article highlights common infectious diseases among children, their types, and their impact on health. It emphasizes that infections can progress rapidly and severely in children due to their fully undeveloped immune system. Furthermore, the article points out the significance of measures such as vaccination, adherence to sanitary and hygienic rules, conducting public health promotion, and early diagnosis of infections in preventing infectious diseases. In conclusion, it is stated that preventive measures are of crucial importance in preventing and reducing infectious diseases in children