Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science
Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods to empirically test social science theory. The journal emphasizes research concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas with an ultimate goal of testing social science theory and historical events. ISSN (E): 2942-1926 ResearchBib IF: 9.880 SJIF 2024: 5.368
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE CONCEPT OF HOLISTIC HEALTH
This article explores the concept of holistic health through the lens of Eastern philosophy, focusing on traditions such as Taoism, Buddhism, and Ayurveda. Unlike the Western biomedical model, which often separates mind and body, Eastern philosophical systems view health as a dynamic balance between physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human existence. The paper examines key ideas such as harmony with nature, balance of energies, mindfulness, and ethical living as essential components of well-being. By analyzing classical philosophical concepts and their relevance to modern lifestyles, the article highlights how Eastern philosophy offers a holistic understanding of health that emphasizes prevention, self-awareness, and inner harmony rather than mere absence of disease
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE «COTTON AFFAIRS» POLICY (A CASE STUDY OF SURKHANDARYA REGION)
The article analyzes information about the «cotton affair» and «Uzbek affair,» a socio-political campaign that took place in the Uzbek SSR, including the Surkhandarya region, in the 1980s. This company, which was part of the «perestroika» process in the Soviet Union, was analyzed using archival documents, researched scientific works, and literature.
POLYSEMY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK:A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
The article is devoted to the little-studied phenomenon of phraseological polysemy in the Russian and Uzbek languages. Comparative analysis of multivalued correlates revealed a complex picture of the relationship between the meanings of FE in the Russian and Uzbek languages, confirming the hypothesis that two multivalued phraseological units of different languages in rare cases correspond to all their meanings.
THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY OF HAKIM TIRMIZI
This article examines the life, intellectual legacy, and philosophical activity of Hakim Tirmizi, one of the prominent thinkers of early Islamic civilization. The study analyzes his views on the relationship between reason and revelation, the concepts of heart and knowledge, and the spiritual perfection of the human being. Particular attention is paid to Hakim Tirmizi’s interpretation of wilayah (sainthood) as the highest stage of moral and spiritual development. The article highlights his contribution to the formation of Sufi philosophy and his influence on subsequent Islamic scholars. The research is based on historical, philosophical, and comparative methods.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOREIGN JOINT VENTURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIRDARYA REGION DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
This scientific article analyzes the role and significance of foreign joint ventures in the socio-economic development of the Syrdarya region during the period following the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the legal foundations for attracting foreign investments and assesses the impact of joint venture activities on industry, agriculture, employment, and export potential based on statistical and regulatory legal sources. The research findings indicate that foreign joint ventures are among the key factors of regional development in the Syrdarya region.
GATEKEEPERS AND ENVOYS: THE KHIVA KHANATE AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE UNDER MUHAMMAD RAHIMKHAN I (1806–1825)
This article analyzes the nature and dynamics of relations between the Khiva Khanate and the Russian Empire during the reign of Muhammad Rahimkhan I (1806–1825), a formative yet understudied period preceding Russia’s full-scale imperial expansion into Central Asia. Drawing upon Russian diplomatic correspondence, travel accounts, Khivan chancery documents, British imperial archival materials, and modern international scholarship, the study argues that bilateral relations were shaped by pragmatic calculation rather than ideological confrontation. Trade interests, intelligence gathering, and the problem of captivity formed the core axes of interaction, while diplomacy functioned as a flexible tool adapted to shifting regional realities. The article emphasizes the agency of the Khivan elite and demonstrates that early nineteenth-century imperial interaction was characterized by incremental entanglement rather than direct domination. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of precolonial Eurasian diplomacy and challenge linear narratives of imperial expansion.
NEW UZBEKISTAN AND HIGHER EDUCATION: REFORMS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PROSPECTS
This article examines the ongoing reforms in higher education in New Uzbekistan, highlighting the modernization of university structures, expansion of academic programs, and increased opportunities for students and faculty. The study explores the development of new faculties, departments, and specializations, the enhancement of teaching and research capacities, and the implementation of modern pedagogical and digital technologies. It also considers the prospects for international collaboration, academic mobility, and the overall impact of these reforms on the quality of education and socio-economic development in the country
THE NECESSITY OF UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Today, the process of globalization is a pressing issue for all countries, including Uzbekistan. This process is rapidly developing and has an irreversible nature. Globalization affects various spheres of social life, including economic, political, social, and cultural fields. While it brings vast opportunities and developmental achievements to humanity, it also generates certain threats. In such circumstances, the issue of understanding national identity is of utmost importance
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PAYMENTS WITHOUT ACCEPTANCE: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of payments without acceptance in the modern banking system. the study analyzes the regulation of payments without acceptance based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual nonacceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE “ARI” METHOD IN TEACHING THE TRADITIONS OF UZBEK NATIONAL MUSICAL HERITAGE
This article is devoted to the analysis of the proprietary “Ari” method technology, developed on the basis of innovative approaches for teaching samples of Uzbek national musical heritage. The method is grounded in unique musical traditions that have been transmitted through the master–apprentice (ustoz–shogird) system over generations. The teaching process, aimed at preserving the authenticity of performance features, modal (lad) structures, rhythmic movement (usul), and other national stylistic ornaments of musical heritage, requires an axiological approach to music education. The representation of the traditions of Uzbek national heritage through musical expressive means within modern musical notation has not yet been sufficiently studied. The application of the “Ari” method yields effective results in guiding the younger generation toward mastering national classical traditions, contributing to the development of their musical perception, aesthetic awareness, and appreciation of cultural values.
NON-ACCEPT PAYMENTS: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of non-acceptance payments in the modern banking system. The study analyzes the regulation of non-acceptance payments based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual non-acceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
CIVIL LAW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION ISSUES
This article comparatively and scientifically analyzes topical issues of research on intellectual property rights, the experience of developed countries in the field of intellectual property and innovation development, some topical issues of comparative legal research in the field of intellectual property rights, the legislative system in this area, as well as the system of civil law protection of intellectual property rights
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLICY OF REPRESSION IN KHOREZM: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE REPRESSION OF CULTURAL WORKERS
В государстве исследуется культурно-образовательная среда Хорезма в период социалистической идеологии. Приведена противоречия между методологией культуры и ее развития.
HOW THE REGULATORY SANDBOX WORKS: UZBEKISTAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
Regulatory sandboxes have become a crucial tool for fostering financial innovation while maintaining oversight. They provide controlled environments where fintech products, digital investment platforms, and crypto-assets can be tested in real market conditions under temporary regulatory relief. This article examines the sandbox concept through international models, particularly the United Kingdom and Singapore, and explores Uzbekistan’s emerging regulatory framework for digital finance and stablecoins. Key components of the sandbox process include strict participant eligibility criteria, defined trial periods, transaction and customer limits, temporary exemptions from certain rules, and continuous monitoring and guidance. Properly designed and implemented, sandboxes can foster innovation, attract investment, and strengthen the digital economy while ensuring financial stability and investor protection
THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN UTKIR ISLOMOVICH ISLOMOV IN THE RESEARCH OF THE MOST ANCIENT PERIODS OF UZBEKISTAN
This in the article Uzbekistan the most ancient periods in learning academic Sharp Islamovich Islamov's scientific activity, methodological approaches and archaeology to science added incomparable contribution analysis will be done. The scientist Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic to the times related research based on Uzbekistan in the territory primitive society development main stages scientific in terms of covered. In the article Islamov by working issued periodization principles , paleolithic of cultures classification , archaeological of materials paleogeographic factors with related without analysis to be done wide open is given . Also, its scientific school, pedagogical activity and independence in the years scientific of the inheritance national in historiography importance illuminated . Research results Uzbekistan in archaeology primitive society history in learning important theoretical and methodological basis become service does.
THE HISTORY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE TASHKENT MILITARY COURT COMMISSION IN F.K. GIRS' REPORTS
This article provides information on the history and activities of the Military Court Commission operating in Tashkent within the Turkestan General-Governorship, based on the reports of the emperor’s secret advisor F.K. Girs. It discusses the unlawful rulings of the commission, as well as its negligence in handling criminal cases
THE DIALECTIC OF BODY AND SOUL IN FARABI’S PERIPATETIC PHILOSOPHY
В статье рассматривается диалектика тела и души в философии Абу Насра аль-Фараби как ключевое звено восточного перипатетизма и его учения о человеке. Показано, что в онтологии Фараби тело (жисм) и душа (рух) образуют иерархически упорядоченное, но внутренне связанное единство, восходящее к Первоисточнику через систему интеллектов. Анализируются его гносеологические и этико-политические взгляды, в которых совершенство души, рациональное познание и добродетельная жизнь в “фозил-городе” выступают условием истинного счастья человека и непрерывности духовной культуры.
IDEAS OF NATIONAL AWAKENING AND THE RESTORATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE WORKS OF ABDURAUF FITRAT
This article analyzes the socio-political and intellectual ideas of Abdurauf Fitrat, one of the leading representatives of the Jadid movement in early twentieth-century Turkestan, with particular emphasis on the concepts of national awakening and the restoration of cultural identity. Using textual and historical analysis, the study examines Fitrat’s major works, including “Munozara”, “Bayonoti Sayyohi Hindi”, and “Rahbari Najot”, to demonstrate how enlightenment, language reform, historical memory, and cultural unity constitute the core elements of his national thought. The article argues that Fitrat understood national awakening not merely as a political struggle, but as a comprehensive cultural and intellectual process aimed at overcoming colonial domination and social stagnation. By situating Fitrat’s ideas within the broader context of Muslim reformism and colonial modernity, the study highlights his decisive role in shaping the ideological foundations of the Turkestan national liberation movement and the formation of modern Uzbek national identity.
Shahrizoda Shuhratbek qizi Abdufattayeva
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF HEALTHY REPRODUCTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG YOUTH
The article examines the problem of forming healthy reproductive consciousness among young people in the context of contemporary social transformations. Special attention is paid to the influence of socio-psychological factors, internal personality structures, and social attitudes, as well as to the role of religious beliefs as key determinants of psychological and social stability. The paper provides a detailed analysis of both constructive and destructive religiouspsychological and socio-psychological factors that either facilitate or hinder the formation of healthy reproductive consciousness among youth.
THE HARMONY OF TOLERANCE IN THE UPBRINGING AND FORMATION OF A MATURE GENERATION
To form a harmonious generation, it is necessary to correctly explain the essence of secularism in our state's policy in the cognitive development of tolerance in the personality and thinking of young people.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONDUCTING A DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW IN THE FORMATION OF A RELIGIOUS PERSON AND HIS STUDY
This article discusses the individual-psychological, family, socio-psychological factors in the formation of a personality, as well as the issues of a fanatical person's worldview, intolerance towards those of other faiths, disregard for the opinions of others, and denial of alternative views. It also describes in detail the socio-psychological factors that influence the formation of a fanatical person, the psychological aspects of the diagnostic interview conducted with them, and the importance of this
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ ORGANIZATIONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EDUCATION
This article examines the relevance of developing students’ organizational competencies as a key factor in improving the quality of education and preparing professionally competent personnel who meet contemporary social demands. The study substantiates that the formation of organizational qualities contributes to the development of leadership potential, initiative, responsibility, and effective teamwork skills among students. Particular attention is paid to competency-based and innovative approaches in modern education, which ensure the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical activities. The article highlights effective mechanisms for developing organizational qualities through both curricular and extracurricular activities, including problem-based learning, group work, creative assignments, school cultural events, celebrations, and intellectual competitions such as “Fun and Clever” contests. These activities foster students’ communication skills, decisionmaking abilities, collective responsibility, and moral-ethical values. The role of extracurricular clubs in organizing students’ leisure time productively and enhancing their independence, discipline, and collaborative skills is also emphasized.
THE TEENAGER'S SIBLING STATUS AND ITS CONNECTION TO INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
This article presents the opinions of scientists based on the results of studies of the influence of birth order on personality formation. The conclusions are presented based on the results of a study on the problem of relationships between siblings and the influence of birth order, that is, the status of siblings, on the personal characteristics of a teenager.
PERSONALITY INCULTURATION: STAGES, MECHANISMS, AND THE EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF CULTURE
This article examines the phenomenon of enculturation as a continuous process of an individual's integration into culture and assimilation of values, norms, and traditions in a modern digital society. Particular attention is paid to theoretical approaches in American cultural anthropology, particularly M. Herskovits's concept, as well as the relationship between the concepts of "enculturation" and "socialization." The article analyzes the main mechanisms of enculturation (imitation, identification, shame, and guilt), its primary and secondary stages, and the role of upbringing, education, and play in shaping an individual's cultural experience. The importance of enculturation for maintaining cultural continuity and simultaneously for the creative renewal of culture in the context of digitalization is emphasized
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Managerial decision-making is a central process in organizational effectiveness and leadership performance, particularly within complex communication environments. This article explores the socio-psychological determinants that influence managerial decisionmaking in the context of organizational communication. Drawing on theories of social influence, group dynamics, trust, and communication psychology, the study analyzes how interpersonal interactions, information exchange, and organizational climate shape the quality and effectiveness of managerial decisions
CERTAIN PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION AND THE ADVANTAGES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DETERMINING THE ELEMENTS OF A CRIME
The Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan have created a legal foundation for the effective protection of individuals from criminal encroachments, for safeguarding the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as the interests of society and the state, and for ensuring legality and legal order.
“FROM INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING TO NATIONAL PROGRESS: THE PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF HEALTHY LIVING IN NEW UZBEKISTAN”
This article explores the philosophical significance of healthy living in the context of New Uzbekistan’s social transformation. As the country implements comprehensive reforms aimed at strengthening human capital, the concept of a healthy lifestyle becomes more than an individual choice—it evolves into a cultural, ethical, and philosophical imperative. Drawing on classical and contemporary philosophical frameworks, as well as anthropological theories of human development, the study examines how health-related values shape the moral consciousness of citizens and contribute to national progress. The analysis demonstrates that a healthy lifestyle in New Uzbekistan represents an integrated worldview, linking personal wellbeing, social responsibility, and collective modernization
ISSUES OF CONSIDERATION BY ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS OF APPLICATIONS (COMPLAINTS) AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES AND ACTIONS (INACTION) OF THEIR OFFICIALS
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of consideration by administrative courts of applications and complaints filed against administrative acts adopted by administrative bodies, as well as against actions (inaction) of their officials. The author раскрывает the legal nature of the concept of an administrative act, identifies its distinguishing features from other legal documents, and substantiates the importance of determining an administrative act for establishing judicial jurisdiction. In addition, based on national legislation and judicial practice, the article examines written, oral, electronic, and signal-based forms of administrative acts, as well as the concept of actions and inaction of officials. The study substantiates, from both theoretical and practical perspectives, that the presence or absence of an administrative act is a decisive factor for initiating proceedings in administrative courts
SOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LIFESTYLE OF YOUNG PEOPLE
In this article, the adaptation of young people to the process of socialisation in society, the concepts of modern lifestyle, and the attitudes of the younger generation towards our national values are discussed. It is also noted that economic conditions, the family, education, and the system of national culture and values are closely interconnected as a sociophilosophical phenomenon that shapes young people’s attitudes towards their lifestyle. Furthermore, achieving an ideal level of youth health and lifestyle is presented as an indispensable stage in the implementation of any reform that a society seeks to carry out.
THE HISTORY OF ART: A CIVILIZATIONAL AND INTERCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
The history of art is a multidimensional process shaped by social structures, religious beliefs, and philosophical paradigms. This study examines the development of global art from antiquity to modern times, with an emphasis on civilizational and intercultural influences. Utilizing a historiographical and comparative approach, the research analyzes the transformations of artistic practices in relation to sociocultural changes. The findings demonstrate that artistic evolution is neither linear nor isolated; rather, each period represents a reinterpretation of preceding traditions in response to changing societal contexts. The study contributes to the understanding of art as a dynamic, socially embedded phenomenon and highlights the necessity of integrating Eastern and Western perspectives in art historical scholarship.