Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science
Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods to empirically test social science theory. The journal emphasizes research concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas with an ultimate goal of testing social science theory and historical events. ISSN (E): 2942-1926 ResearchBib IF: 9.880 SJIF 2024: 5.368
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE BARREL OF AVIATION ARTILLERY WEAPONS AND VERIFICATION OF ITS RELIABILITY
This article considers the issue of mathematical modeling of thermophysical loading of an aircraft cannon barrel. The adequacy of the model is checked based on the Bartlett, Student and Fisher criteria, computational resources and time efficiency are evaluated. Also, the safety of the system is analyzed using probabilistic models and the permissible firing modes are based on
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE GOVERNANCE MODELS: EVIDENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES
This study examines the structure and functioning of state governance models through a comparative lens, with particular emphasis on the United States as a representative case of a presidential system. The article explores the institutional foundations of presidential governance, focusing on the separation of powers, the dual role of the president as both head of state and head of government, and the constitutional mechanisms that regulate executive authority. Special attention is given to the system of checks and balances, which ensures a dynamic equilibrium between the executive and legislative branches, thereby preventing the concentration of political power.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENHANCING WOMEN'S INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL IN THE PROCESS OF RENEWAL IN UZBEKISTAN
This study examines the socio-philosophical foundations of enhancing women's innovative potential in the context of social renewal in Uzbekistan. The research analyzes the role of women in social development and highlights the importance of innovative thinking in strengthening their participation in economic, political, and cultural processes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of digital technologies, educational reforms, and institutional support mechanisms on the development of women's innovative thinking. The study also explores gender aspects of innovation and the compatibility of innovative activities with national values and cultural traditions. The findings indicate that strengthening women's innovative potential significantly contributes to sustainable development, social stability, and competitiveness in modern society.
THE IMАGE OF CLАSSICАL POETS IN UZBEK DRАMАTURGY
This аrticle аnаlyzes the creаtion аnd аrtistic interpretаtion of clаssicаl poets’ imаges in Uzbek drаmаturgy. In pаrticulаr, it exаmines how the imаges of representаtives of clаssicаl literаture such аs Аlisher Nаvoi, Zаhiriddin Muhаmmаd Bаbur, аnd Mаshrаb аre portrаyed in Uzbek stаge аrt аnd drаmаturgy, аs well аs how their lives, works, аnd spirituаl heritаge аre reflected in drаmаtic works. The аrticle аlso discusses the hаrmony of аrtistic fаbric, historicаl truth, аnd nаtionаl vаlues in the creаtion of historicаl figures’ imаges by plаywrights. The reseаrch concludes thаt the imаges of clаssicаl poets in Uzbek drаmаturgy plаy аn importаnt role in understаnding nаtionаl identity, restoring historicаl memory, аnd educаting the younger generаtion in morаl аnd spirituаl vаlues
HISTORY OF FAMILY AND VALUES IN UZBEKISTAN
This article scientifically analyzes the formation, historical development of the family institution in Uzbekistan and its place in the system of national values. The family traditions, customs and social relations of the Uzbek people, which have been formed over the centuries, are covered on the basis of historical sources. Also, the strength of the family institution is considered as an important factor in the stability and spiritual development of society. The article analyzes the importance of the family in social, cultural and spiritual life from ancient times to the present day.
THE SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL ROLE OF MUSEUMS IN YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
This article analyzes the spiritual and educational role of museums in youth upbringing from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In the context of the 21st century, museums are viewed not only as institutions preserving historical artifacts, but also as important social institutions contributing to the formation of national identity, historical memory, and patriotic values among young people. In particular, based on the activities of Oʻzbekiston tarixi davlat muzeyi and Temuriylar tarixi davlat muzeyi, the study examines the impact of museum exhibitions on youth consciousness, as well as the effectiveness of interactive displays, educational projects, and innovative pedagogical approaches. The research highlights issues of museum pedagogy, promotion of cultural heritage, and enhancement of youth social engagement. It also reveals the importance of cooperation between museums and educational institutions, their role in strengthening spiritual values, and broadening the worldview of young people based on scientific conclusions
THE CHANGES IN ENGLISH POLICY IN IRAN UNDER THE CONSERVATIVES AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The article is devoted to an interesting page in the history of the Anglo-Russian rivalry for Iran, in particular. The 19th century went down in history as a period of the "Great Game" of major European powers for dominance in Central Asia and the Middle East. Russia and Great Britain, the main actors of big politics, used a different arsenal of means, trying to prevent a competitor from establishing itself in those territories that were geopolitically and geoeconomically necessary. The article shows the change in the vector in foreign policy in Iran under the conservatives - supporters of the "forward policy"
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN KARAKALPAKSTAN: FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
This article analyzes the stages of formation and development of anthropology in the territory of Karakalpakstan based on paleoanthropological materials. Based on craniological materials from the Kokcha-3, Qalali-qir, Jetiasar, Mizdahkan, and TumakKichijik sites, the ethno-anthropological composition of the region's population and the process of its historical formation are highlighted. The research results show that there was an interaction of northern and southern anthropological components in the territory of Karakalpakstan.
SOCIAL AND ETHICAL IDEAS IN ABDULLAH IBN MUQAFFA’S “AL-ADAB AL-KABIR”
This article explores the social, ethical, and political ideas presented in Abdullah ibn Muqaffa’s “al-Adab al-kabir”. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the author’s perspectives on moral conduct, civic responsibility, justice, and governance, highlighting their significance within the broader framework of early Islamic thought. The study demonstrates how Ibn Muqaffa combines ethical principles with practical guidance for rulers and members of society, emphasizing the interconnection between personal virtue, social harmony, and political authority. By situating “al-Adab al-kabir” within the tradition of the Islamic siyasatnama literary genre, the article illustrates the continuity of moral-political discourse in classical Islamic literature and its relevance for understanding the ethical foundations of governance and social order. The research also sheds light on the ways in which Ibn Muqaffa’s ideas reflect both universal ethical concerns and the specific historical and cultural context of the Abbasid period.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF OXUS CIVILIZATION SITES
This article presents the geographical distribution of monuments belonging to the Oxus civilization, an ancient Eastern Bronze Age culture, within the context of modern states. It also describes the characteristics of their locations
STATE POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK AND ITS PRACTICE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF SURKHANDARYA REGION
This scientific article analyzes the main directions, mechanisms and results of the state policy implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development of spiritual and educational work. The main attention of the article is paid to the practical implementation of state policy in the education system of Surkhandarya region, its effectiveness, problems and prospects. The study studies the relationship between the theoretical foundations of state policy and practice at the regional level, the level of compliance and regional characteristics.
HEALTH AS HARMONY: EVOLUTION OF THE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IDEA FROM ANTIQUITY TO GLOBAL MODERNITY
The article “Health as Harmony: Evolution of the Healthy Lifestyle Idea from Antiquity to Global Modernity” examines the historical and philosophical transformation of the concept of health as a harmonious state of body, mind, and social existence. The study traces the origins of the harmony paradigm in ancient Greek thought, particularly in the ethical and medical traditions associated with Hippocrates and Aristotle, where health was understood as balance (eucrasia) and moderation (mesotes).The research further analyzes medieval and early modern reinterpretations of health within religious and humanistic frameworks, emphasizing the moral dimension of bodily discipline and spiritual integrity. In modernity, the biomedical model redefined health primarily as the absence of disease; however, the 20th century witnessed a paradigmatic shift toward a holistic understanding, reflected in the definition proposed by the World Health Organization, which conceptualizes health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
THE ROLE OF FAMILY, NEIGHBORS, AND COMMUNITY IN PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS
This scientific article is dedicated to studying the role of the family, neighborhood, and community organizations in the development of environmental education and the formation of its social and institutional foundations. The study analyzes the significance of the social environment, beyond traditional educational institutions, in ensuring the effectiveness of environmental education. The article provides a scientific rationale for the opportunities, challenges, and solutions related to family-based education, neighborly initiatives, and civil society institutions in shaping environmental awareness and culture. Practical recommendations are proposed to strengthen the institutional framework of environmental education in the context of the New Uzbekistan.
THE CONTEMPORARY SIGNIFICANCE OF IBN SINA’S ETHICAL VIEWS
This article analyzes the ethical views of the great thinker Abu Ali Ibn Sina and reveals their significance for modern society, personal development, and social relations. Ibn Sina’s ethical ideas are examined in close connection with his philosophical, medical, and pedagogical teachings
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE (1991–2016)
This article analyzes the stages of formation and development of the public administration system in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence, in particular, in the period 1991–2016, based on a scientific-theoretical and historical approach. The study covers the issues of institutional reforms implemented in the field of public administration, the creation of legal frameworks, the improvement of the executive system, and the division of powers between central and local government bodies. The results of the article show that the public administration model of Uzbekistan has evolved and has gradually improved in accordance with national interests
PROCESSES OF THE FORMATION OF CIVIL AVIATION IN CENTRAL ASIA IN 1930-1945
This article analyzes the formation and institutional development of civil aviation in Central Asia during 1930–1945. Using an institutional and historical-comparative approach, the study examines the transformation of aviation from a military-administrative tool into an independent civil transport institution. The research highlights the role of civil aviation in economic modernization, territorial integration, and the enhancement of social mobility in the region. Special attention is paid to the activities of civil aviation during World War II, when it became an integral part of the military-logistical system and ensured the stability of the rear economy. The article concludes that the organizational, кадров, and infrastructural foundations established in this period played a crucial role in the sustainable development of civil aviation in Central Asia in subsequent decades.
ABDULLA AVLONI'S VIEWS ON EDUCATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the pedagogical and enlightenment views of Abdulla Avloni, an outstanding Uzbek thinker, poet, educator, and public figure of the early 20th century. His ideas are examined in the context of the Jadid movement and the socio-cultural transformations in Turkestan. Special attention is given to understanding education as a decisive factor in social progress, the role of moral upbringing, and the significance of schools and teachers in personality formation. Based on an analysis of Avloni's works, his contribution to the development of national pedagogical thought is revealed, and the relevance of his ideas for the modern education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is determined.
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE CONCEPT OF HOLISTIC HEALTH
This article explores the concept of holistic health through the lens of Eastern philosophy, focusing on traditions such as Taoism, Buddhism, and Ayurveda. Unlike the Western biomedical model, which often separates mind and body, Eastern philosophical systems view health as a dynamic balance between physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human existence. The paper examines key ideas such as harmony with nature, balance of energies, mindfulness, and ethical living as essential components of well-being. By analyzing classical philosophical concepts and their relevance to modern lifestyles, the article highlights how Eastern philosophy offers a holistic understanding of health that emphasizes prevention, self-awareness, and inner harmony rather than mere absence of disease
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE «COTTON AFFAIRS» POLICY (A CASE STUDY OF SURKHANDARYA REGION)
The article analyzes information about the «cotton affair» and «Uzbek affair,» a socio-political campaign that took place in the Uzbek SSR, including the Surkhandarya region, in the 1980s. This company, which was part of the «perestroika» process in the Soviet Union, was analyzed using archival documents, researched scientific works, and literature.
POLYSEMY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK:A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
The article is devoted to the little-studied phenomenon of phraseological polysemy in the Russian and Uzbek languages. Comparative analysis of multivalued correlates revealed a complex picture of the relationship between the meanings of FE in the Russian and Uzbek languages, confirming the hypothesis that two multivalued phraseological units of different languages in rare cases correspond to all their meanings.
THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY OF HAKIM TIRMIZI
This article examines the life, intellectual legacy, and philosophical activity of Hakim Tirmizi, one of the prominent thinkers of early Islamic civilization. The study analyzes his views on the relationship between reason and revelation, the concepts of heart and knowledge, and the spiritual perfection of the human being. Particular attention is paid to Hakim Tirmizi’s interpretation of wilayah (sainthood) as the highest stage of moral and spiritual development. The article highlights his contribution to the formation of Sufi philosophy and his influence on subsequent Islamic scholars. The research is based on historical, philosophical, and comparative methods.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOREIGN JOINT VENTURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIRDARYA REGION DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
This scientific article analyzes the role and significance of foreign joint ventures in the socio-economic development of the Syrdarya region during the period following the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the legal foundations for attracting foreign investments and assesses the impact of joint venture activities on industry, agriculture, employment, and export potential based on statistical and regulatory legal sources. The research findings indicate that foreign joint ventures are among the key factors of regional development in the Syrdarya region.
GATEKEEPERS AND ENVOYS: THE KHIVA KHANATE AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE UNDER MUHAMMAD RAHIMKHAN I (1806–1825)
This article analyzes the nature and dynamics of relations between the Khiva Khanate and the Russian Empire during the reign of Muhammad Rahimkhan I (1806–1825), a formative yet understudied period preceding Russia’s full-scale imperial expansion into Central Asia. Drawing upon Russian diplomatic correspondence, travel accounts, Khivan chancery documents, British imperial archival materials, and modern international scholarship, the study argues that bilateral relations were shaped by pragmatic calculation rather than ideological confrontation. Trade interests, intelligence gathering, and the problem of captivity formed the core axes of interaction, while diplomacy functioned as a flexible tool adapted to shifting regional realities. The article emphasizes the agency of the Khivan elite and demonstrates that early nineteenth-century imperial interaction was characterized by incremental entanglement rather than direct domination. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of precolonial Eurasian diplomacy and challenge linear narratives of imperial expansion.
NEW UZBEKISTAN AND HIGHER EDUCATION: REFORMS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PROSPECTS
This article examines the ongoing reforms in higher education in New Uzbekistan, highlighting the modernization of university structures, expansion of academic programs, and increased opportunities for students and faculty. The study explores the development of new faculties, departments, and specializations, the enhancement of teaching and research capacities, and the implementation of modern pedagogical and digital technologies. It also considers the prospects for international collaboration, academic mobility, and the overall impact of these reforms on the quality of education and socio-economic development in the country
THE NECESSITY OF UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Today, the process of globalization is a pressing issue for all countries, including Uzbekistan. This process is rapidly developing and has an irreversible nature. Globalization affects various spheres of social life, including economic, political, social, and cultural fields. While it brings vast opportunities and developmental achievements to humanity, it also generates certain threats. In such circumstances, the issue of understanding national identity is of utmost importance
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PAYMENTS WITHOUT ACCEPTANCE: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of payments without acceptance in the modern banking system. the study analyzes the regulation of payments without acceptance based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual nonacceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE “ARI” METHOD IN TEACHING THE TRADITIONS OF UZBEK NATIONAL MUSICAL HERITAGE
This article is devoted to the analysis of the proprietary “Ari” method technology, developed on the basis of innovative approaches for teaching samples of Uzbek national musical heritage. The method is grounded in unique musical traditions that have been transmitted through the master–apprentice (ustoz–shogird) system over generations. The teaching process, aimed at preserving the authenticity of performance features, modal (lad) structures, rhythmic movement (usul), and other national stylistic ornaments of musical heritage, requires an axiological approach to music education. The representation of the traditions of Uzbek national heritage through musical expressive means within modern musical notation has not yet been sufficiently studied. The application of the “Ari” method yields effective results in guiding the younger generation toward mastering national classical traditions, contributing to the development of their musical perception, aesthetic awareness, and appreciation of cultural values.
NON-ACCEPT PAYMENTS: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of non-acceptance payments in the modern banking system. The study analyzes the regulation of non-acceptance payments based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual non-acceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
CIVIL LAW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION ISSUES
This article comparatively and scientifically analyzes topical issues of research on intellectual property rights, the experience of developed countries in the field of intellectual property and innovation development, some topical issues of comparative legal research in the field of intellectual property rights, the legislative system in this area, as well as the system of civil law protection of intellectual property rights
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLICY OF REPRESSION IN KHOREZM: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE REPRESSION OF CULTURAL WORKERS
В государстве исследуется культурно-образовательная среда Хорезма в период социалистической идеологии. Приведена противоречия между методологией культуры и ее развития.