Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science
type: channel
description: Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods to empirically test social science theory. The journal emphasizes research concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas with an ultimate goal of testing social science theory and historical events. ISSN (E): 2942-1926 ResearchBib IF: 10.45 SJIF 2026: 9.665
publisher: Western European Studies
language: en
publication name: Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science
issn: 2942-1926
items: THE ROLE OF OSIRIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE
items: CYBERCRIMES: DEFINITION AND LEGAL LIABILITY
items: FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN BASED ON PEACE AND HARMONY IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIELD
items: PHYSICAL PLANNING IN FOOTBALL
items: THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL SOCIAL FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF YOUTH LIFE POSITIONS BASED ON INFORMATION USE
items: FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
items: SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBLESS SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
items: CHILD SAFETY IN AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR DESIGN: ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE
items: ANALYSIS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE HEPHTHALITE STATE IN GERMANLANGUAGE STUDIES
items: INFORMATION ON THE ETHNOTOPONYMS OF THE FERGANA VALLEY IN MIRIZZATULLA'S TRAVELOGUE AND THEIR ANALYSIS
items: FORMATION OF INDEPENDENT THINKING OF YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION OF SOCIETY
items: POWER AND CEREMONY IN THE PALACES OF THE MANGIT EMIRS OF BUKHARA: POLITICAL SYMBOLS OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
items: THE FIRST GENERALISSIMOS OF WESTERN EUROPE
items: FACTORS OF THE EMERGENCE OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE MODERN UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE
items: LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONGUE TWISTERS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME THUNDER
items: RESTORATION AND STUDY OF THE TIMURID HERITAGE DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
items: THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND INTEGRATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE FERGANA VALLEY DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
items: COOPERATION OF UZBEKISTAN WITH CIS COUNTRIES IN DEVELOPING TRADE RELATIONS AND ITS OUTCOMES
items: ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF GEOLOGY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
items: HISTORY OF THE HISSAR PROVINCE (BEKDOM)
items: CURRENT ISSUES OF MEDICAL STAFFING IN SURKHANDARYA REGION (1991–2000)
items: FROM OUR ANCIENT SOURCES: THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE "AVESTA"
items: PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STUDENTS' INDIVIDUAL INDEPENDENT TASKS
items: HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FAMILY TREES AND GENEALOGICAL TRADITIONS OF MACHAY VILLAGE
items: THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN VALUES: A CYBEPHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
items: COOPERATION IN THE SPIRITUAL SPHERE OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION (DURING INDEPENDENCE)
items: DEVELOPING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT RESEARCH SKILLS THROUGH PROBLEMBASED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORY LESSONS
items: THE CONNECTION OF A STRONG CIVIL SOCIETY WITH FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY
items: REHABILITATION METHODS FOR LIVER PAIN SYNDROME IN ATHLETES.

THE ROLE OF OSIRIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE
type: item
description: This article examines the historical significance of Osiris, one of the most critical journals in the field of the "history of science." It outlines the history of the journal's establishment, its founder, the key figures who demonstrated dedication to this process, its publication scope, as well as its scholarly style and chosen thematic directions. The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the role of Osiris in the formation of the history of science and its impact on the scholarly process within the discipline. By addressing these issues, the study demonstrates how journals that have long held a prominent position in the history of science continue to serve as vital reference sources for both society and the academic community
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: George Sarton
  topic: keywords
subject: Isis
  topic: keywords
subject: Osiris
  topic: keywords
subject: History of Science
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdurahimov Javlonbek
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 123
ending page: 127

CYBERCRIMES: DEFINITION AND LEGAL LIABILITY
type: item
description: This article examines the nature and significance of cybercrime, the necessity of combating it, and the legal measures of liability imposed for such offenses. It analyzes relevant international legal instruments, considers emerging forms of cybercrime, and provides an overview of protection against one of its most widespread forms—cyber fraud—as well as the legal liability applicable to it. The article also presents international and national statistical data to highlight the relevance and importance of the topic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cybercrime
  topic: keywords
subject: legal liability
  topic: keywords
subject: cyber fraud
  topic: keywords
subject: hacker
  topic: keywords
creator: DJUMAYEV Shokhjakhon Begimkul ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 110
ending page: 114

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN BASED ON PEACE AND HARMONY IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIELD
type: item
description: This article examines the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the international arena, based on the principles of peace, mutual respect, and cooperation. It analyzes the evolution of Uzbekistan’s diplomatic strategy since independence, with particular emphasis on its commitment to peaceful conflict resolution, regional stability, and the development of constructive international relations. The study highlights key initiatives of Uzbekistan aimed at strengthening good-neighborly relations in Central Asia, expanding multilateral cooperation within international organizations, and promoting global peace and security. Special attention is given to the country’s balanced and pragmatic foreign policy approach, which seeks to maintain sovereignty while actively engaging in global integration processes. The findings demonstrate that Uzbekistan’s foreign policy plays an important role in fostering stability, mutual trust, and sustainable development both regionally and globally.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uzbekistan
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign policy
  topic: keywords
subject: international relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Shukhrat Mahmudbekov.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 100
ending page: 109

PHYSICAL PLANNING IN FOOTBALL
type: item
description: Physical training in football is focused mainly on the development of the speed qualities of football players and their endurance. Speed qualities in modern football play a very important role. A team can only be successful when the players are ahead of their rivals, gaining space and time from them. There is an opinion that fast players are born. This is partly a correct assumption. The percentage of the ratio of slow and fast muscle fibers, the efficiency of the neuromotor mechanism, the speed of the reaction - all these are genetically determined qualities and develop or change slightly. But, fortunately, speed qualities also depend on the mobilization of the composition of the motor action, and this factor can be trained and is the main reserve in the development of elementary forms ofspeed. Technical- tactical and strength readiness also affect the manifestation of speed qualities in the game practice of a football player.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: training of football palyers
  topic: keywords
subject: physical training
  topic: keywords
subject: endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: tactical training
  topic: keywords
creator: Utepov Makhmud Daurkhanovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 95
ending page: 99

THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL SOCIAL FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF YOUTH LIFE POSITIONS BASED ON INFORMATION USE
type: item
description: The rapid development of globalization and digital technologies has significantly increased the role of information in shaping the worldview, values, and social behavior of young people. In modern society, information has become one of the most influential social resources affecting the formation of youth life positions. At the same time, the process of information use is strongly influenced by institutional social factors such as family, educational institutions, mass media, state policy, religion, civil society organizations, and digital communication systems. These institutions determine the mechanisms through which young people receive, interpret, and apply information in their social lives. This article analyzes the sociological aspects of the influence of institutional social factors on the formation of youth life positions in the context of information use. The research examines the role of social institutions in youth socialization, value orientation, media behavior, and adaptation to the global information environment. Particular attention is given to the interaction between traditional social institutions and modern digital communication systems. The study also considers international experience and the socio-cultural context of Uzbekistan regarding youth development and information policy. The article is based on sociological theories, comparative analysis, and contemporary empirical observations. The findings demonstrate that institutional social factors play a decisive role in shaping socially active, responsible, and informationliterate youth in the digital era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: youth
  topic: keywords
subject: life position
  topic: keywords
subject: information use
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmedova Mohinur.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 20
ending page: 24

FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
type: item
description: The article shows that currently the fire resistance of buildings and their structures, that is, their ability to withstand high temperatures in the event of a fire and maintain their load-bearing properties for a long time, the fire safety of buildings and structures is in most cases ensured by the non-flammability and fire resistance of their structures, the fire resistance of building structures is considered one of their most important characteristics, and this indicator is regulated in a special standard. According to this standard, buildings, structures and their parts enclosed by fire walls are divided into 5 types (I, II, III, IV and V) of fire resistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: buildings
  topic: keywords
subject: civil buildings
  topic: keywords
subject: structures
  topic: keywords
creator: Abror Anvarovich Kasimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 63
ending page: 67

SYNTAGMATIC AND PARADIGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBLESS SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
type: item
description: The present study investigates the syntagmatic and paradigmatic characteristics of verbless sentences in English and Uzbek. Verbless sentences constitute an important syntactic phenomenon that enables speakers and writers to express complete communicative meanings without the use of an explicit finite verb. The research aims to identify the structural organization of verbless constructions, analyze their semantic functions, and compare their syntagmatic and paradigmatic properties across the two languages. The study employs comparative, descriptive, structural, and functional-semantic methods to examine examples collected from literary texts and authentic language materials. The findings demonstrate that verbless sentences in both English and Uzbek perform important communicative and stylistic functions. However, Uzbek exhibits greater structural flexibility and a wider range of nominal predication patterns, whereas English relies more heavily on contextual interpretation and stylistic motivation. The results contribute to comparative syntax, structural linguistics, and functional-semantic studies
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Verbless sentence
  topic: keywords
subject: syntagmatic relations
  topic: keywords
subject: paradigmatic relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasanova Sevinch Hotam qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 59
ending page: 62

CHILD SAFETY IN AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR DESIGN: ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE
type: item
description: This article scientifically and practically analyzes the role and importance of automotive interior design in ensuring child safety. Since children are physically more vulnerable compared to adults, ensuring their safety in the vehicle cabin requires a special approach. The article examines the constructive safety elements of automotive interiors – body strength characteristics, seat belt and airbag systems, child restraint systems (CRS), ISOFIX mounting system, rear door child safety locks, anti-pinch window protection systems, as well as modern smart systems – occupant detection sensors and child presence detection technologies to prevent children from being left behind in vehicles. The research results show that adapting automotive interior design to child safety requirements can significantly reduce child injuries and fatalities in road traffic accidents. The article develops practical recommendations aimed at improving child safety for parents, automakers, and policymakers
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Child safety
  topic: keywords
subject: automotive interior design
  topic: keywords
subject: child restraint systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Musayev Abrorjon Ilxomjon o'g'li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 53
ending page: 58

ANALYSIS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE HEPHTHALITE STATE IN GERMANLANGUAGE STUDIES
type: item
description: This article deals with the foreign policy of the Hephthalite state. The political and economic relations with the Iranian Sassanids, the Chinese Empire, Byzantium and India are discussed in German historiography, and the similarities and differences in the sources and literature we have studied are analyzed
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hephthalite state
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese Empire
  topic: keywords
subject: Byzantium
  topic: keywords
subject: Sassanids
  topic: keywords
creator: Diloromkhon Ergasheva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 116
ending page: 122

INFORMATION ON THE ETHNOTOPONYMS OF THE FERGANA VALLEY IN MIRIZZATULLA'S TRAVELOGUE AND THEIR ANALYSIS
type: item
description: This article examines the ethnotoponyms of the Fergana Valley recorded in the travel account of Mirizzatulla. Particular attention is paid to the historical and geographical analysis of place names derived from the ethnonyms of various ethnic groups that inhabited the valley and its adjacent regions. Based on the information contained in the travel narrative, ethnotoponyms such as Kara Khitai, Lulikhanah, Kyrgyz, Kalmak, and others are analyzed with regard to their origin, historical development, and geographical localization. The study compares the traveler’s observations with data from written sources, historical cartography, and modern research on historical toponymy. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the ethnic history of the Fergana Valley and demonstrate the significance of ethnotoponyms as an important source for reconstructing the historical geography and ethnocultural processes of the region
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mirizzatulla
  topic: keywords
subject: Fergana Valley
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnotoponyms
  topic: keywords
subject: historical toponymy
  topic: keywords
creator: Husanboy Gulomov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 49
ending page: 52

FORMATION OF INDEPENDENT THINKING OF YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION OF SOCIETY
type: item
description: Independent thinking requires a person to have their own views on the essence of things and events, events taking place in society, and expands the boundaries of their knowledge and understanding. In the conditions of today's reforms, the presence of independent-thinking youth is a necessity of the times, and only people with their own worldview are able to develop many projects that ensure the development of society. One of the main factors of state policy is the development and upbringing of talented young people who think deeply and have their own independent worldview. Because, depending on the opinions of others, various contradictions and the spirit of reaching for foreign ideologies undoubtedly leads to the decline of the spirituality of society. It should be emphasized that independent thinking develops in society when the environment of relations between people is good. This article will discuss these issues. In this article the author emphasizes that the existence of independent young people is a temporary period and that people with a personal view have the opportunity to develop a large number of projects that support the development of society, thinking about the formation of a harmoniously developed generation as a strategic goal of Uzbekistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: independent thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: spiritual progress
  topic: keywords
subject: development of the country
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibadulla Kungirov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 45
ending page: 48

POWER AND CEREMONY IN THE PALACES OF THE MANGIT EMIRS OF BUKHARA: POLITICAL SYMBOLS OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
type: item
description: This scientific article analyzes the palace architecture and political symbols expressed in it during the reign of the Mangid dynasty in the Bukhara Emirate (1785-1920). The article studies the architectural structure of the Ark Castle and the Sitorai Mohi Khosa Palace, their spatial organization, and the ceremonies held in these spaces (enthronement, reception of ambassadors, military parades, holiday prayers) from the perspective of how power was expressed. Architectural elements (gates, columns, thrones, ceilings, colors) are interpreted as material expressions of political ideology. The research results show that the Mangid palace architecture had not only aesthetic, but also deep political content, and was a means of promoting the sanctity, power, and inviolability of the emir's power
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bukhara Emirate
  topic: keywords
subject: Mangids
  topic: keywords
subject: palace architecture
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayfutdinov Feruz Ilniyaz Ogli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 39
ending page: 44

THE FIRST GENERALISSIMOS OF WESTERN EUROPE
type: item
description: This article examines individuals who received the rank of generalissimo and the title of generalissimo in world history from the 16th century to the 19th century, in chronological order. It analyzes the activities of Western European generalissimos, determining the significance of this title and the achievements for which it was awarded. The purpose of this article is to explore the evolution of the rank of generalissimo in world history, tracing its development through the fates of key figures, and analyzing how it reflected the interaction of military and political power in different eras.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Generalissimo
  topic: keywords
subject: general
  topic: keywords
subject: commander
  topic: keywords
subject: Europe
  topic: keywords
creator: Obidjon Dusmurodov
creator: Mels Allabergenov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 35
ending page: 38

FACTORS OF THE EMERGENCE OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE MODERN UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE
type: item
description: This article explores the difficulties students face in learning accounting vocabulary in English as a foreign or second language. Accounting terminology is highly specialized, abstract, and often rooted in both linguistic and conceptual complexity, which creates significant challenges for learners. The study analyzes linguistic, cognitive, and pedagogical factors that hinder vocabulary acquisition, including polysemy of financial terms, lack of contextual understanding, interference from native language structures, and insufficient exposure to authentic accounting discourse. The role of teaching methods, textbook design, and classroom practices is also examined. The findings indicate that students struggle not only with memorizing terminology but also with applying accounting vocabulary accurately in professional contexts. The article suggests that improved instructional strategies, contextualized learning, and integration of real-world financial materials can significantly enhance vocabulary acquisition in accounting education
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: English for Specific Purposes
  topic: keywords
subject: vocabulary acquisition
  topic: keywords
creator: Juraqobilova Dilnura Farkhod qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 28
ending page: 34

FACTORS OF THE EMERGENCE OF NEOLOGISMS IN THE MODERN UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE
type: item
description: This article explores the difficulties students face in learning accounting vocabulary in English as a foreign or second language. Accounting terminology is highly specialized, abstract, and often rooted in both linguistic and conceptual complexity, which creates significant challenges for learners. The study analyzes linguistic, cognitive, and pedagogical factors that hinder vocabulary acquisition, including polysemy of financial terms, lack of contextual understanding, interference from native language structures, and insufficient exposure to authentic accounting discourse. The role of teaching methods, textbook design, and classroom practices is also examined. The findings indicate that students struggle not only with memorizing terminology but also with applying accounting vocabulary accurately in professional contexts. The article suggests that improved instructional strategies, contextualized learning, and integration of real-world financial materials can significantly enhance vocabulary acquisition in accounting education
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: English for Specific Purposes
  topic: keywords
subject: lexical competence
  topic: keywords
creator: Juraqobilova Dilnura Farkhod qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 28
ending page: 34

LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONGUE TWISTERS FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME THUNDER
type: item
description: This article examines the linguocultural characteristics of tongue twisters formed on the basis of the lexeme thunder. As a natural acoustic phenomenon, thunder is widely represented in folklore and oral traditions due to its strong auditory impact and cultural symbolism. Thunder-based tongue twisters reflect not only phonetic complexity and articulatory challenges but also cultural perceptions, symbolic meanings, and cognitive associations related to power, sound, and natural forces. The study analyzes the phonetic, semantic, cognitive, and cultural dimensions of thunder-based tongue twisters and highlights their role in developing linguistic competence and preserving cultural worldview
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: linguoculturology
  topic: keywords
subject: tongue twister
  topic: keywords
subject: thunder
  topic: keywords
subject: lexeme
  topic: keywords
creator: Kosimov Botir Saidvali ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 24
ending page: 27

RESTORATION AND STUDY OF THE TIMURID HERITAGE DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
type: item
description: This article examines the architectural heritage of the Amir Temur and Timurid period and analyzes the historiography, sources, and scientific studies dedicated to these monuments. Particular attention is given to the significance of archival documents, museum collections, archaeological research, and written sources in the study of Timurid architecture. The paper highlights major architectural masterpieces, including the Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Oqsaroy Palace, Saroymulkxonim Madrasah, the Registan ensemble, and the Ulugh Beg Observatory, emphasizing their historical, cultural, and artistic value. The research also discusses restoration efforts carried out during the twentieth century and evaluates the contributions of Uzbek and foreign scholars to the investigation and preservation of Timurid architectural monuments. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of Persian, Central Asian, and Turkic architectural traditions on the development of Timurid architecture and assesses its place within the broader context of Islamic art and urban planning. The findings demonstrate the enduring importance of Timurid architectural heritage as a significant component of world cultural history and a valuable source for understanding the political, cultural, and scientific achievements of the Timurid era
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amir Temur and the Timurid period
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural monuments
  topic: keywords
creator: Axmadjonova Gulnoza Rustamjon qizi
creator: Xolmatov Baxodir Xolmuradovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 18
ending page: 23

THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND INTEGRATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE FERGANA VALLEY DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
type: item
description: This study explores the socio-historical and infrastructural evolution of telecommunications and digital communication systems in the Fergana Valley following the independence of Uzbekistan (1991–early XXI century). Drawing on localized statistics, ministerial decrees, and infrastructural records, the paper traces the shift from a fragmented, analog post-Soviet technical framework to an integrated, fiber-optic digital ecosystem. The research examines how geographic hurdles and regional demands shaped the rollout of mobile networks, internet access points, and digital data systems, providing a thorough historicalempirical view of the valley's integration into global information networks
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fergana Valley
  topic: keywords
subject: telecommunications history
  topic: keywords
subject: independence era
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilmurodjon A. Qosimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 106
ending page: 115

COOPERATION OF UZBEKISTAN WITH CIS COUNTRIES IN DEVELOPING TRADE RELATIONS AND ITS OUTCOMES
type: item
description: This article analyzes Uzbekistan’s trade and economic relations with CIS countries, their development stages, and current trends. It examines major partner states, trade volumes, and growth dynamics
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CIS
  topic: keywords
subject: trade relations
  topic: keywords
subject: export-import
  topic: keywords
subject: economic cooperation
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmonov Bakhtiyor G‘ayrat o‘g‘li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 4
ending page: 7

ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF GEOLOGY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
type: item
description: This article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions and practical results of scientific research conducted in the natural sciences, particularly in geology, hydrogeology, the fuel and energy sector, and the mining industry, on the territory of Uzbekistan during the Second World War. The paper also provides information indicating that, under conditions where the wartime situation confronted the country with the critical tasks of eliminating shortages of raw materials and energy, as well as strengthening its defense potential, primary attention was focused on geological exploration and the development of local raw material resources. Specifically, it is substantiated that the discovery of deposits of tungsten, iron, tin, and other valuable metals, made possible through the theoretical and applied geological research of scientists in this field, contributed to the expansion of the republic's heavy industry and fuel base.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: geology
  topic: keywords
subject: raw material
  topic: keywords
subject: geological exploration
  topic: keywords
creator: Salomov Ismoil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 3

HISTORY OF THE HISSAR PROVINCE (BEKDOM)
type: item
description: This article analyzes the historical geography, socio-political life, administrative structure and economic situation of the Hissar province (bekdom), one of the important components of the Bukhara Emirate, in the 17th–19th centuries. It also covers the relations of the province (bekdom) with neighboring regions, in particular, the principalities of the Surkhan oasis, its struggles against the central government, and the changes during the occupation by the Russian Empire
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bukhara Emirate
  topic: keywords
subject: Mangits
  topic: keywords
subject: Surkhan Oasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Hissar Beklig
  topic: keywords
creator: Shukhrat Allamuratov
creator: Ayomiddin Musulmanov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 102
ending page: 105

CURRENT ISSUES OF MEDICAL STAFFING IN SURKHANDARYA REGION (1991–2000)
type: item
description: This article analyzes the problems of providing the medical system with personnel in Surkhandarya region in the first decades of independence. The article shows the difficulties that arose in the process of providing medical institutions with qualified specialists, such as the geographical location of the region, the location of some regions in remote and remote areas, and the insufficient development of social infrastructure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: staffing
  topic: keywords
subject: doctors
  topic: keywords
subject: paramedical staff
  topic: keywords
subject: advanced training
  topic: keywords
creator: Absalom Ziyadullaevich Khujanazarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-20
publication date: 2026-05-20
starting page: 99
ending page: 101

FROM OUR ANCIENT SOURCES: THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE "AVESTA"
type: item
description: On the territory of Uzbekistan, our ancestors left a rich heritage in the field of nature protection, preservation, respect for natural resources, maintaining a clean and pure environment, preventing climate change, and ecological culture; in the context of today's globalization, the problem of deeply studying the heritage left by our ancestors in the field of ancient and rich ecological culture, preserving the motherland, water, air, and nature, passing them on to future generations in a pure form, and forming an ecological culture among the youth is becoming increasingly relevant. This article discusses the current significance of the heritage left by our ancestors in the field of ecological culture in our ancient and rich historical heritage "Avesta."
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vandidod
  topic: keywords
subject: Ahura Mazda
  topic: keywords
subject: Zarathustra
  topic: keywords
creator: Abduraimov Abdulazizbek Alibekovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 92
ending page: 98

PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STUDENTS' INDIVIDUAL INDEPENDENT TASKS
type: item
description: The article analyzes pedagogical strategies for improving the effectiveness of students’ individual independent tasks in higher education. It examines issues related to the individualization of independent learning, the organization of the educational process within the credit-modular system, and the formation of individual learning trajectories. Special attention is given to the development of a functional model and the methodology for designing individual learning paths. The results of experimental work confirm the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical strategies. The findings have practical significance for improving the quality of education in higher education institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: independent learning
  topic: keywords
subject: individual tasks
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogical strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurullayeva Dilfuza Olimovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 88
ending page: 91

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FAMILY TREES AND GENEALOGICAL TRADITIONS OF MACHAY VILLAGE
type: item
description: Based on historical-ethnographic sources and primary ethnographic materials, the author analyzes the genealogical traditions, customs, rituals, and issues of ethnic and regional identity of the population of Machay village, located in the Hissar mountain ranges. The study is conducted using existing scholarly literature, research findings, and the author's extensive field data
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: family-kinship groups
  topic: keywords
subject: generation
  topic: keywords
subject: Machay
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahboz Chorshanbiev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 79
ending page: 87

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN VALUES: A CYBEPHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
type: item
description: The rapid development of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and technoscience has significantly transformed contemporary social life, creating new opportunities as well as ethical and spiritual challenges. These developments require a deeper philosophical understanding of the moral boundaries that should guide technological progress. This article aims to examine the spiritual and ethical limits of technoscientific development from a cyberphilosophical perspective, with particular attention to the experience of Uzbekistan and the relevance of international ethical standards. The study employs philosophical analysis, comparative methodology, and interdisciplinary approaches. International frameworks on AI ethics, digital governance, and technological responsibility are analyzed alongside Uzbekistan’s policies and initiatives in digital transformation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: frameworks
  topic: keywords
subject: approaches
  topic: keywords
creator: Ochilov Abrorkhon Qiyom O‘g‘li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 70
ending page: 78

COOPERATION IN THE SPIRITUAL SPHERE OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION (DURING INDEPENDENCE)
type: item
description: This article discusses the large-scale reforms being implemented in the spiritual and educational sphere in our country, particularly in the Kashkadarya region, as well as the measures that need to be implemented. Furthermore, it was noted that the development of the spiritual and educational sphere and international cooperation are also important for us in building New Uzbekistan through new reforms
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spirituality
  topic: keywords
subject: enlightenment
  topic: keywords
subject: globalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Temirova Feruza Khudoykul kizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
starting page: 67
ending page: 69

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT RESEARCH SKILLS THROUGH PROBLEMBASED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORY LESSONS
type: item
description: This scientific article analyzes the development of students' independent research skills in history lessons using problem-based learning technologies. Based on the theoretical foundations of problem-based learning (M.I. Makhmutov, I.Ya.Lerner), modern approaches of Uzbek scientists (R.Ishmuhamedov, U. K. Tolipov) and methodological sources on teaching history (Ya. Kh. Gaffarov, A. J. Jurayev), the influence of problem-based learning technologies on students' independent research activities is highlighted. The stages of creating problem situations, posing and solving educational problems, as well as types of problem tasks used in history lessons are described. Problem-based learning technologies are an effective means of developing students' independent research skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: problem-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: independent research skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Bolliyev Tuychibek Ruzikul ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
starting page: 60
ending page: 66

THE CONNECTION OF A STRONG CIVIL SOCIETY WITH FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY
type: item
description: This article examines the relationship between democracy and the concepts of freedom and responsibility in a strong civil society, as well as the increase in freedom and responsibility
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Civil society
  topic: keywords
subject: national revival
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom
  topic: keywords
creator: Mikhliyeva Gulshoda Zarip kizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-22
publication date: 2026-05-22
starting page: 58
ending page: 59

REHABILITATION METHODS FOR LIVER PAIN SYNDROME IN ATHLETES.
type: item
description: Liver pain syndrome in athletes is a condition characterized by discomfort or pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen during or after physical activity. This syndrome is frequently associated with excessive physical нагрузка, circulatory disturbances, metabolic dysfunctions, dehydration, improper nutrition, and hepatobiliary stress. Athletes involved in endurance sports, weightlifting, and high-intensity training are particularly vulnerable. Effective rehabilitation is essential to restore hepatic function, reduce pain, improve athletic performance, and prevent long-term complications. This article analyzes contemporary rehabilitation methods for liver pain syndrome in athletes, including physical rehabilitation, physiotherapy, nutritional correction, pharmacological support, breathing exercises, and recovery monitoring
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Liver pain syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulandom Abdurasulovna Avazniyazova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
starting page: 54
ending page: 57