Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science
Western European Journal of Historical Events and Social Science publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods to empirically test social science theory. The journal emphasizes research concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas with an ultimate goal of testing social science theory and historical events. ISSN (E): 2942-1926 ResearchBib IF: 9.880 SJIF 2024: 5.368
SOCIAL AND ETHICAL IDEAS IN ABDULLAH IBN MUQAFFA’S “AL-ADAB AL-KABIR”
This article explores the social, ethical, and political ideas presented in Abdullah ibn Muqaffa’s “al-Adab al-kabir”. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the author’s perspectives on moral conduct, civic responsibility, justice, and governance, highlighting their significance within the broader framework of early Islamic thought. The study demonstrates how Ibn Muqaffa combines ethical principles with practical guidance for rulers and members of society, emphasizing the interconnection between personal virtue, social harmony, and political authority. By situating “al-Adab al-kabir” within the tradition of the Islamic siyasatnama literary genre, the article illustrates the continuity of moral-political discourse in classical Islamic literature and its relevance for understanding the ethical foundations of governance and social order. The research also sheds light on the ways in which Ibn Muqaffa’s ideas reflect both universal ethical concerns and the specific historical and cultural context of the Abbasid period.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF OXUS CIVILIZATION SITES
This article presents the geographical distribution of monuments belonging to the Oxus civilization, an ancient Eastern Bronze Age culture, within the context of modern states. It also describes the characteristics of their locations
STATE POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK AND ITS PRACTICE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF SURKHANDARYA REGION
This scientific article analyzes the main directions, mechanisms and results of the state policy implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development of spiritual and educational work. The main attention of the article is paid to the practical implementation of state policy in the education system of Surkhandarya region, its effectiveness, problems and prospects. The study studies the relationship between the theoretical foundations of state policy and practice at the regional level, the level of compliance and regional characteristics.
HEALTH AS HARMONY: EVOLUTION OF THE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IDEA FROM ANTIQUITY TO GLOBAL MODERNITY
The article “Health as Harmony: Evolution of the Healthy Lifestyle Idea from Antiquity to Global Modernity” examines the historical and philosophical transformation of the concept of health as a harmonious state of body, mind, and social existence. The study traces the origins of the harmony paradigm in ancient Greek thought, particularly in the ethical and medical traditions associated with Hippocrates and Aristotle, where health was understood as balance (eucrasia) and moderation (mesotes).The research further analyzes medieval and early modern reinterpretations of health within religious and humanistic frameworks, emphasizing the moral dimension of bodily discipline and spiritual integrity. In modernity, the biomedical model redefined health primarily as the absence of disease; however, the 20th century witnessed a paradigmatic shift toward a holistic understanding, reflected in the definition proposed by the World Health Organization, which conceptualizes health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
THE ROLE OF FAMILY, NEIGHBORS, AND COMMUNITY IN PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS
This scientific article is dedicated to studying the role of the family, neighborhood, and community organizations in the development of environmental education and the formation of its social and institutional foundations. The study analyzes the significance of the social environment, beyond traditional educational institutions, in ensuring the effectiveness of environmental education. The article provides a scientific rationale for the opportunities, challenges, and solutions related to family-based education, neighborly initiatives, and civil society institutions in shaping environmental awareness and culture. Practical recommendations are proposed to strengthen the institutional framework of environmental education in the context of the New Uzbekistan.
THE CONTEMPORARY SIGNIFICANCE OF IBN SINA’S ETHICAL VIEWS
This article analyzes the ethical views of the great thinker Abu Ali Ibn Sina and reveals their significance for modern society, personal development, and social relations. Ibn Sina’s ethical ideas are examined in close connection with his philosophical, medical, and pedagogical teachings
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE (1991–2016)
This article analyzes the stages of formation and development of the public administration system in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence, in particular, in the period 1991–2016, based on a scientific-theoretical and historical approach. The study covers the issues of institutional reforms implemented in the field of public administration, the creation of legal frameworks, the improvement of the executive system, and the division of powers between central and local government bodies. The results of the article show that the public administration model of Uzbekistan has evolved and has gradually improved in accordance with national interests
PROCESSES OF THE FORMATION OF CIVIL AVIATION IN CENTRAL ASIA IN 1930-1945
This article analyzes the formation and institutional development of civil aviation in Central Asia during 1930–1945. Using an institutional and historical-comparative approach, the study examines the transformation of aviation from a military-administrative tool into an independent civil transport institution. The research highlights the role of civil aviation in economic modernization, territorial integration, and the enhancement of social mobility in the region. Special attention is paid to the activities of civil aviation during World War II, when it became an integral part of the military-logistical system and ensured the stability of the rear economy. The article concludes that the organizational, кадров, and infrastructural foundations established in this period played a crucial role in the sustainable development of civil aviation in Central Asia in subsequent decades.
ABDULLA AVLONI'S VIEWS ON EDUCATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the pedagogical and enlightenment views of Abdulla Avloni, an outstanding Uzbek thinker, poet, educator, and public figure of the early 20th century. His ideas are examined in the context of the Jadid movement and the socio-cultural transformations in Turkestan. Special attention is given to understanding education as a decisive factor in social progress, the role of moral upbringing, and the significance of schools and teachers in personality formation. Based on an analysis of Avloni's works, his contribution to the development of national pedagogical thought is revealed, and the relevance of his ideas for the modern education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is determined.
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE CONCEPT OF HOLISTIC HEALTH
This article explores the concept of holistic health through the lens of Eastern philosophy, focusing on traditions such as Taoism, Buddhism, and Ayurveda. Unlike the Western biomedical model, which often separates mind and body, Eastern philosophical systems view health as a dynamic balance between physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human existence. The paper examines key ideas such as harmony with nature, balance of energies, mindfulness, and ethical living as essential components of well-being. By analyzing classical philosophical concepts and their relevance to modern lifestyles, the article highlights how Eastern philosophy offers a holistic understanding of health that emphasizes prevention, self-awareness, and inner harmony rather than mere absence of disease
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE «COTTON AFFAIRS» POLICY (A CASE STUDY OF SURKHANDARYA REGION)
The article analyzes information about the «cotton affair» and «Uzbek affair,» a socio-political campaign that took place in the Uzbek SSR, including the Surkhandarya region, in the 1980s. This company, which was part of the «perestroika» process in the Soviet Union, was analyzed using archival documents, researched scientific works, and literature.
POLYSEMY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK:A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
The article is devoted to the little-studied phenomenon of phraseological polysemy in the Russian and Uzbek languages. Comparative analysis of multivalued correlates revealed a complex picture of the relationship between the meanings of FE in the Russian and Uzbek languages, confirming the hypothesis that two multivalued phraseological units of different languages in rare cases correspond to all their meanings.
THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY OF HAKIM TIRMIZI
This article examines the life, intellectual legacy, and philosophical activity of Hakim Tirmizi, one of the prominent thinkers of early Islamic civilization. The study analyzes his views on the relationship between reason and revelation, the concepts of heart and knowledge, and the spiritual perfection of the human being. Particular attention is paid to Hakim Tirmizi’s interpretation of wilayah (sainthood) as the highest stage of moral and spiritual development. The article highlights his contribution to the formation of Sufi philosophy and his influence on subsequent Islamic scholars. The research is based on historical, philosophical, and comparative methods.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOREIGN JOINT VENTURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIRDARYA REGION DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
This scientific article analyzes the role and significance of foreign joint ventures in the socio-economic development of the Syrdarya region during the period following the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the legal foundations for attracting foreign investments and assesses the impact of joint venture activities on industry, agriculture, employment, and export potential based on statistical and regulatory legal sources. The research findings indicate that foreign joint ventures are among the key factors of regional development in the Syrdarya region.
GATEKEEPERS AND ENVOYS: THE KHIVA KHANATE AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE UNDER MUHAMMAD RAHIMKHAN I (1806–1825)
This article analyzes the nature and dynamics of relations between the Khiva Khanate and the Russian Empire during the reign of Muhammad Rahimkhan I (1806–1825), a formative yet understudied period preceding Russia’s full-scale imperial expansion into Central Asia. Drawing upon Russian diplomatic correspondence, travel accounts, Khivan chancery documents, British imperial archival materials, and modern international scholarship, the study argues that bilateral relations were shaped by pragmatic calculation rather than ideological confrontation. Trade interests, intelligence gathering, and the problem of captivity formed the core axes of interaction, while diplomacy functioned as a flexible tool adapted to shifting regional realities. The article emphasizes the agency of the Khivan elite and demonstrates that early nineteenth-century imperial interaction was characterized by incremental entanglement rather than direct domination. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of precolonial Eurasian diplomacy and challenge linear narratives of imperial expansion.
NEW UZBEKISTAN AND HIGHER EDUCATION: REFORMS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PROSPECTS
This article examines the ongoing reforms in higher education in New Uzbekistan, highlighting the modernization of university structures, expansion of academic programs, and increased opportunities for students and faculty. The study explores the development of new faculties, departments, and specializations, the enhancement of teaching and research capacities, and the implementation of modern pedagogical and digital technologies. It also considers the prospects for international collaboration, academic mobility, and the overall impact of these reforms on the quality of education and socio-economic development in the country
THE NECESSITY OF UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Today, the process of globalization is a pressing issue for all countries, including Uzbekistan. This process is rapidly developing and has an irreversible nature. Globalization affects various spheres of social life, including economic, political, social, and cultural fields. While it brings vast opportunities and developmental achievements to humanity, it also generates certain threats. In such circumstances, the issue of understanding national identity is of utmost importance
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PAYMENTS WITHOUT ACCEPTANCE: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of payments without acceptance in the modern banking system. the study analyzes the regulation of payments without acceptance based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual nonacceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE “ARI” METHOD IN TEACHING THE TRADITIONS OF UZBEK NATIONAL MUSICAL HERITAGE
This article is devoted to the analysis of the proprietary “Ari” method technology, developed on the basis of innovative approaches for teaching samples of Uzbek national musical heritage. The method is grounded in unique musical traditions that have been transmitted through the master–apprentice (ustoz–shogird) system over generations. The teaching process, aimed at preserving the authenticity of performance features, modal (lad) structures, rhythmic movement (usul), and other national stylistic ornaments of musical heritage, requires an axiological approach to music education. The representation of the traditions of Uzbek national heritage through musical expressive means within modern musical notation has not yet been sufficiently studied. The application of the “Ari” method yields effective results in guiding the younger generation toward mastering national classical traditions, contributing to the development of their musical perception, aesthetic awareness, and appreciation of cultural values.
NON-ACCEPT PAYMENTS: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER RIGHTS
The article is devoted to the study of the legal aspects of non-acceptance payments in the modern banking system. The study analyzes the regulation of non-acceptance payments based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Civil Code and the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities." A comparative analysis was also conducted with the experience of the USA and the European Union (EFTA/Regulation E, PSD2, SEPA). The article focuses on issues such as social payments, contractual non-acceptance terms, and notification obligations. The research results include proposals for improving the consumer protection system in Uzbekistan and adapting best foreign practices to national conditions. The article shows solutions that combine the principles of financial justice, security, and legal protection
CIVIL LAW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION ISSUES
This article comparatively and scientifically analyzes topical issues of research on intellectual property rights, the experience of developed countries in the field of intellectual property and innovation development, some topical issues of comparative legal research in the field of intellectual property rights, the legislative system in this area, as well as the system of civil law protection of intellectual property rights
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLICY OF REPRESSION IN KHOREZM: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE REPRESSION OF CULTURAL WORKERS
В государстве исследуется культурно-образовательная среда Хорезма в период социалистической идеологии. Приведена противоречия между методологией культуры и ее развития.
HOW THE REGULATORY SANDBOX WORKS: UZBEKISTAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
Regulatory sandboxes have become a crucial tool for fostering financial innovation while maintaining oversight. They provide controlled environments where fintech products, digital investment platforms, and crypto-assets can be tested in real market conditions under temporary regulatory relief. This article examines the sandbox concept through international models, particularly the United Kingdom and Singapore, and explores Uzbekistan’s emerging regulatory framework for digital finance and stablecoins. Key components of the sandbox process include strict participant eligibility criteria, defined trial periods, transaction and customer limits, temporary exemptions from certain rules, and continuous monitoring and guidance. Properly designed and implemented, sandboxes can foster innovation, attract investment, and strengthen the digital economy while ensuring financial stability and investor protection
THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN UTKIR ISLOMOVICH ISLOMOV IN THE RESEARCH OF THE MOST ANCIENT PERIODS OF UZBEKISTAN
This in the article Uzbekistan the most ancient periods in learning academic Sharp Islamovich Islamov's scientific activity, methodological approaches and archaeology to science added incomparable contribution analysis will be done. The scientist Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic to the times related research based on Uzbekistan in the territory primitive society development main stages scientific in terms of covered. In the article Islamov by working issued periodization principles , paleolithic of cultures classification , archaeological of materials paleogeographic factors with related without analysis to be done wide open is given . Also, its scientific school, pedagogical activity and independence in the years scientific of the inheritance national in historiography importance illuminated . Research results Uzbekistan in archaeology primitive society history in learning important theoretical and methodological basis become service does.
THE HISTORY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE TASHKENT MILITARY COURT COMMISSION IN F.K. GIRS' REPORTS
This article provides information on the history and activities of the Military Court Commission operating in Tashkent within the Turkestan General-Governorship, based on the reports of the emperor’s secret advisor F.K. Girs. It discusses the unlawful rulings of the commission, as well as its negligence in handling criminal cases
THE DIALECTIC OF BODY AND SOUL IN FARABI’S PERIPATETIC PHILOSOPHY
В статье рассматривается диалектика тела и души в философии Абу Насра аль-Фараби как ключевое звено восточного перипатетизма и его учения о человеке. Показано, что в онтологии Фараби тело (жисм) и душа (рух) образуют иерархически упорядоченное, но внутренне связанное единство, восходящее к Первоисточнику через систему интеллектов. Анализируются его гносеологические и этико-политические взгляды, в которых совершенство души, рациональное познание и добродетельная жизнь в “фозил-городе” выступают условием истинного счастья человека и непрерывности духовной культуры.
IDEAS OF NATIONAL AWAKENING AND THE RESTORATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN THE WORKS OF ABDURAUF FITRAT
This article analyzes the socio-political and intellectual ideas of Abdurauf Fitrat, one of the leading representatives of the Jadid movement in early twentieth-century Turkestan, with particular emphasis on the concepts of national awakening and the restoration of cultural identity. Using textual and historical analysis, the study examines Fitrat’s major works, including “Munozara”, “Bayonoti Sayyohi Hindi”, and “Rahbari Najot”, to demonstrate how enlightenment, language reform, historical memory, and cultural unity constitute the core elements of his national thought. The article argues that Fitrat understood national awakening not merely as a political struggle, but as a comprehensive cultural and intellectual process aimed at overcoming colonial domination and social stagnation. By situating Fitrat’s ideas within the broader context of Muslim reformism and colonial modernity, the study highlights his decisive role in shaping the ideological foundations of the Turkestan national liberation movement and the formation of modern Uzbek national identity.
Shahrizoda Shuhratbek qizi Abdufattayeva
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF HEALTHY REPRODUCTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG YOUTH
The article examines the problem of forming healthy reproductive consciousness among young people in the context of contemporary social transformations. Special attention is paid to the influence of socio-psychological factors, internal personality structures, and social attitudes, as well as to the role of religious beliefs as key determinants of psychological and social stability. The paper provides a detailed analysis of both constructive and destructive religiouspsychological and socio-psychological factors that either facilitate or hinder the formation of healthy reproductive consciousness among youth.
THE HARMONY OF TOLERANCE IN THE UPBRINGING AND FORMATION OF A MATURE GENERATION
To form a harmonious generation, it is necessary to correctly explain the essence of secularism in our state's policy in the cognitive development of tolerance in the personality and thinking of young people.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONDUCTING A DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW IN THE FORMATION OF A RELIGIOUS PERSON AND HIS STUDY
This article discusses the individual-psychological, family, socio-psychological factors in the formation of a personality, as well as the issues of a fanatical person's worldview, intolerance towards those of other faiths, disregard for the opinions of others, and denial of alternative views. It also describes in detail the socio-psychological factors that influence the formation of a fanatical person, the psychological aspects of the diagnostic interview conducted with them, and the importance of this