THE ROLE AND PROSPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY

Abstract

This article analyzes the role and prospects of biotechnology in ensuring food security with special emphasis on fruit production. Under conditions of climate change, limited natural resources, and increasing phytosanitary risks, the production of virus-free and genetically stable planting material becomes critically important. The study highlights key stages of in vitro culture, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, shoot organogenesis, micrografting, and cryopreservation. These biotechnological approaches contribute to the development of intensive orcharding systems, enhancement of export potential, and conservation of genetic resources of fruit crops. Compared to conventional propagation methods, biotechnology provides higher efficiency, genetic uniformity, and phytosanitary safety. The findings demonstrate the necessity of implementing modern biotechnological tools in fruit growing to strengthen sustainable food security systems.