COMPARATIVE-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF TRANSPORT VOCABULARY IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK

Abstract

This article examines the comparative-semantic features of transport vocabulary in Russian and Uzbek. The study focuses on the lexical composition, semantic fields, borrowing patterns, and functional characteristics of transport-related terms in the two languages. Particular attention is paid to Russian lexical influence on Uzbek transport vocabulary, including terms such as avtomobil, avtobus, poyezd, velosiped, mototsikl, and tramvay. The research employs a comparative-semantic approach based on linguistic literature, specialized dictionaries, and examples of transport terminology. The analysis demonstrates that Russian and Uzbek share a considerable number of transport terms as a result of historical linguistic contact, while certain concepts retain distinct Uzbek lexical forms. The study also considers semantic differences, phraseological expressions, and contextual usage in transportrelated discourse. The findings indicate that transport vocabulary represents a dynamic lexicalsemantic field shaped by borrowing, adaptation, cultural interaction, and technological development. The research contributes to comparative linguistics, translation studies, terminology, and language teaching by identifying similarities and differences that can support the development of bilingual dictionaries and more accurate translation practices.