SIGNS OF THE MATERIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST CITY

Abstract

This article presents findings on ancient Bactrian urban culture and the factors that shaped it. Archaeological signs important to the formation of urban culture are considered. In the Surkhandarya region, an ancient agricultural culture emerged in the Early Bronze Age. In southern Uzbekistan, agricultural culture developed in the Bronze Age. The formation of this culture was influenced by the arrival of ancient agricultural communities from the Murghab oasis. These farmers, having mastered the region's deserts, played an important role in the formation of the Sopolli hill village. This indicates that religious and ideological changes occurred in ancient Bactria, particularly in Southern Uzbekistan, in the middle of the Bronze Age. The reflection of this spiritual and religious ideology in material culture is evident in archaeological finds and changes in the burial process at the monument. In the structural parts of the Avesta, it can be seen that the family, property, and ideological management system developed in Northern Bactria. Initially, eight patriarchal communities were formed, and Ancient Bactria developed into a Kavian state.