EFFECT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is highly susceptible to both aging and metabolic disturbances, particularly those associated with diabetes mellitus. Neurodegenerative disorders—including cognitive decline, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—often involve neuronal loss alongside abnormalities in glucose metabolism [7]. Cellular insulin signaling defects, compounded by elevated glucose and insulin levels, contribute to mitochondrial damage, increased oxidative burden, and chronic inflammation. These pathological mechanisms collectively alter CNS architecture and function, facilitating neurodegenerative progression is vital for unraveling disease mechanisms and identifying potential interventions.